Relationship between symptoms and both stage of change in adopting a healthy life style and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Factors independently associated with quality of life

Factor	Physical functioning			Social functioning			Role limitations due to physical health problems			Role limitations due to emotional problems
Factor	Partial R²	β (SE)	p	Partial R²	β (SE)	p	Partial R²	β (SE)	p	Partial R²	β (SE)	p
RUQ pain	0.28	− 3.69 (1.04)	< .0001	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Muscle cramps	0.12	− 4.29 (0.90)	< .0001	–	–	NS	0.24	4.32 (1.40)	< .0001	0.26	7.18 (1.44)	< .0001
Itching	0.05	− 2.28 (0.85)	0.006	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Ascites/edema	0.03	− 2.98 (1.13)	0.025	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Bruising	0.03	− 2.44 (1.01)	0.034	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Anorexia	0.02	− 1.67 (0.84)	0.049	0.03	− 1.58 (0.73)	0.033	0.07	4.42 (1.27)	0.004	–	–	NS
Change in appearance	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	0.26	5.25 (1.84)	0.005
Bodily pain	–	–	NS	0.43	− 5.55 (0.91)	< .0001	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Being married	–	–	NS	–	–	NS	0.06	− 19.86 (6.76)	0.004	–	–	NS
Having a job	–	–	NS	0.06	10.30 (3.42)	0.003	–	–	NS	–	–	NS
Model R²	0.53			0.52			0.37			0.52

SE, standard error; RUQ, right upper quadrant; NS, not significant
The model included stage of change in engaging in exercise and consumption of vegetables, sociodemographic characteristics, and all subscales of symptoms as the main independent variables. A higher score on functioning indicates better functioning, and a higher score on role limitation indicates more severe role limitations

ISSN: 1477-7525