Study (first author’s name and year of publication) | Study aims | HRQoL instruments | Evaluated parameters | Major findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rüth et al. [21] | To evaluate QoL and psychosocial adjustment by standardized tests | TNO-AZL Child Quality of Life Questionnaire Child Behavior checklist Teacher Report form | Child-and parent-rated QoL Child’s psychosocial adjustment | Child-rated QoL = 1/7 (14.3%) Parent-rated QoL = 4/7 (57.1%) Impairment of the child's psychosocial adjustment at home and school |
Selewski et al. [22] | To evaluate the influence of disease duration on HRQoL and compare the differences in HRQoL in children with prevalent and incident INS To compare the findings of the PROMIS and PedsQL instruments | PROMIS II instrument Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Scales | Child-rated QoL in both instruments’ domains | PROMIS scores significantly worse in prevalent than in incident INS for ‘pain interference’ and ‘peer relationships’ domains PedsQL scores significantly worse in prevalent than incident INS for ‘social functioning’ and ‘school functioning’ domains |
Rahman et al. [15] | To evaluate the HRQoL in children with INS | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire for the nephrotic syndrome (parental proxy-report) | Child-and parent-rated QoL | QoL significantly impaired, especially in physical and social summary scores |
Agrawal et al. [17] | To compare the HRQoL in children with INS and children with other chronic illnesses (controls) | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales | Child-rated QoL | Aggregate QoL scores in children with INS better than in those with other chronic illnesses |
Khanjari et al. [23] | To investigate the effect of blended training on HRQoL in children with INS | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales | Child-rated QoL | QoL scores increased in the intervention group compared to the control group after blended training |
Roussel et al. [16] | To describe HRQoL in children with SDNS or SRNS on oral immunosuppressive treatment or intravenous RTX in stable remission | A 30-item standardized questionnaire with a global score of 0–100 | Child-rated QoL‡ | High global QoL score in 'difficult-to-treat' INS patients in stable remission on oral immunosuppressive or RTX treatment |
Troost et al. [24] | To identify HRQoL profiles in children and adults with NS to improve the interpretability and clinical utility of PROMIS® | PROMIS II instrument | Child-and adult-rated QoL†| Complete proteinuria remission, reduction in symptoms, and shorter disease duration were significant predictors of better HRQoL profile membership |
Solarin et al. [25] | To assess HRQoL in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales | Child-and parent-rated QoL | Good overall QoL in children with INS but lower QoL in those with SRNS, CKD, and prolonged duration of illness |
Jabbar et al. [26] | To assess HRQoL in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome about children with other chronic diseases | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales | Child-rated QoL | HRQOL scores in all domains were significantly higher in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome compared to those with chronic disease |
Eid et al. [10] | To evaluate HRQoL in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome compared to healthy children and children with chronic non-renal diseases | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryâ„¢ (PedsQLâ„¢) 4.0 Generic Scales Generic Children's QoL Measure (GCQ) | Child-rated QoL | Significantly higher mean PedsQL scores in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome group compared to the chronic non-renal illness group but significantly lower compared to the healthy control group Significantly higher mean GCQ scores in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome group compared to the chronic non-renal illness group and healthy control group |