Characteristic | Younger adults | Older adults | p value |
---|---|---|---|
(18–64) years | (≥ 65) years | ||
(N = 435) | (N = 206) | ||
Mean (± SD) or n (%) | Mean (± SD) or n (%) | ||
Age | 55. 32 ± 6.80 | 70.00 ± 4.60 |  |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.008* |
Male | 86 (19.77) | 60 (29.13) | Â |
Female | 349 (80.23) | 146 (70.87) | Â |
Marital status |  |  |  < 0.001* |
Single/never married | 8 (1.84) | 2 (0.97) | Â |
Married | 375 (86.21) | 139 (67.48) | Â |
Widowed | 52 (11.95) | 65 (31.55) | Â |
Level of education | Â | Â | 0.032* |
Illiterate | 32 (7.36) | 11 (5.34) | Â |
Elementary school | 271 (62.30) | 105 (50.98) | Â |
Junior High School | 61 (14.02) | 39 (18.94) | Â |
Senior High School | 49 (11.26) | 27 (13.10) | Â |
College or higher | 22 (5.06) | 24 (11.65) | Â |
Employment status | Â | Â | 0.219 |
Employed | 186 (42.76) | 92 (44.66) | Â |
Unemployed | 249 (57.24) | 114 (55.34) | Â |
Income | Â | Â | 0.032* |
Low income (less than USD 138 per month) | 389 (89.43) | 171(83.00) | Â |
Middle income (USD 138–177 per month) | 36 (8.28) | 31(15.06) |  |
High income (higher than USD 177 per month) | 10 (2.29) | 4 (1.94) | Â |
BMI | 24.32 ± 4.70 | 22.90 ± 4.20 |  < 0.001* |
Duration of DM |  |  |  < 0.001* |
Less than 1Â year | 49 (11.26) | 10 (4.85) | Â |
1–5 years | 238 (54.71) | 99 (48.05) |  |
6–10 years | 96 (22.07) | 50 (24.27) |  |
More than 10Â years | 52 (11.96) | 47 (22.81) | Â |
Smoking status | Â | Â | 0.295 |
Yes | 25 (5.75) | 16 (7.77) | Â |
No | 410 (94.25) | 190 (92.23) | Â |
Hypertension | Â | Â | 0.70 |
Yes | 278 (63.91) | 143 (69.42) | Â |
No | 157 (36.09) | 63 (30.58) | Â |
Number of diabetes related complications | Â | Â | 0.009* |
No complications | 191(43.90) | 66 (32.03) | Â |
One complication | 157 (36.10) | 93 (45.14) | Â |
Two or more complications | 87 (20.0) | 47 (22.81) | Â |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 116 ± 8.90 | 104 ± 42.70 | 0.001* |
Type of DM medication | 0.526 | ||
No medication | 26 (5.98) | 17 (8.25) | Â |
Insulin | 375 (86.20) | 177 (85.93) | Â |
Oral medication | 15 (3.45) | 4 (1.94) | Â |
Oral medication and insulin | 19 (4.37) | 8 (3.88) | Â |