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Table 3 Overall unmet needs according to the analysis model

From: Determining the reasons for unmet healthcare needs in South Korea: a secondary data analysis

Variables

Unmet needs, based on KNHANES 2013–2017 data

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

Sex

            

 Male

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Female

1.55

1.41

1.71

 < .001

1.72

1.55

1.90

 < .001

1.64

1.43

1.87

 < .001

Age (years)

            

 19–39

1.76

1.49

2.08

 < .001

1.59

1.33

1.90

 < .001

1.60

1.33

1.92

 < .001

 40–59

1.27

1.11

1.45

.001

1.14

0.98

1.31

.086

1.17

1.01

1.36

.040

  ≥ 60

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

   

Marital status

            

 Married and cohabiting

1.03

0.89

1.19

.716

1.02

0.88

1.19

.763

1.00

0.86

1.16

.995

 Married but not cohabiting, or bereaved or divorced

1.35

1.11

1.63

.002

1.24

1.03

1.50

.025

1.08

0.89

1.32

.427

 Unmarried

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

   

Number of family members

            

 1

1.29

1.05

1.57

.014

1.17

0.95

1.43

.144

1.06

0.85

1.31

.612

 2

0.90

0.76

1.06

.204

0.87

0.74

1.03

.111

0.82

0.69

0.97

.020

 3

1.08

0.92

1.28

.345

1.09

0.92

1.29

.322

1.04

0.87

1.24

.663

 4

0.92

0.78

1.09

.336

0.94

0.80

1.12

.506

0.93

0.78

1.10

.401

  ≥ 5

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

   

Education level

            

 Elementary school or lower

2.08

1.78

2.43

 < .001

1.70

1.44

2.02

 < .001

1.20

1.00

1.43

.050

 Middle school

1.44

1.21

1.72

 < .001

1.25

1.04

1.51

.019

1.00

0.82

1.21

.975

 High school

1.16

1.03

1.30

.017

1.08

0.95

1.23

.214

1.02

0.90

1.17

.752

 College or higher

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

   

Region

            

 Seoul

    

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Metro

    

1.04

0.92

1.18

.486

1.07

0.94

1.21

.301

 Rural

    

0.99

0.86

1.15

.904

1.05

0.90

1.22

.541

Employment status

            

 Employed

    

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Unemployed

    

1.53

1.23

1.90

 < .001

1.74

1.38

2.18

 < .001

Income

            

 1Q (lowest)

    

1.45

1.26

1.67

 < .001

1.29

1.11

1.49

.001

 2Q

    

1.26

1.10

1.45

.001

1.18

1.03

1.36

.020

 3Q

    

1.27

1.10

1.45

.001

1.19

1.03

1.37

.017

 4Q (highest)

    

1.00

       

Occupation

            

 White collar

    

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Pink collar

    

1.23

0.96

1.57

.106

1.29

1.00

1.66

.052

 Blue collar

    

1.15

0.98

1.35

.087

1.22

1.04

1.43

.015

 Unemployed or other

    

0.95

0.81

1.13

.573

0.95

0.80

1.13

.559

Medical insurance type

            

 NHI

    

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Medicaid

    

1.64

1.31

2.06

 < .001

1.17

0.77

1.80

.456

 No/do not know

    

1.30

0.85

1.97

.222

1.03

0.81

1.31

.803

Private insurance

            

 Yes

    

1.00

   

1.00

   

 No

    

1.19

1.06

1.35

.004

1.14

1.00

1.29

.045

 Do not know

    

0.91

0.57

1.44

.692

1.00

0.61

1.65

.996

Smoking history

            

 Current smoker

        

1.26

1.08

1.46

.003

 Past smoker

        

0.94

0.80

1.10

.419

 Non-smoker

        

1.00

   

Alcohol consumption

            

 Never drink

        

1.00

   

 Less than one time per month

        

0.93

0.79

1.08

.327

 1–4 times per month

        

1.05

0.93

1.18

.462

  ≥ 5 times per month

        

0.88

0.76

1.01

.069

Body mass index (BMI)

            

 Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25)

        

1.00

   

 Under weight (BMI < 18.5)

        

0.95

0.86

1.06

.374

 Obese (BMI ≥ 25)

        

1.17

0.94

1.47

.162

Exercise

            

 None

        

1.00

   

 Mild

        

1.96

1.30

2.95

.001

 High

        

1.31

1.13

1.52

 < .001

Self-rated health status

            

 Very poor

        

3.62

2.46

5.32

 < .001

 Poor

        

3.47

2.44

4.95

 < .001

 Fair

        

2.25

1.61

3.14

 < .001

 Good

        

1.44

1.02

2.04

.038

 Very good

        

1.00

   

Stress level

            

 High

        

2.35

1.28

4.30

.006

 Moderate

        

1.56

0.85

2.87

.150

 Low

        

1.16

0.63

2.15

.636

 None

        

1.00

   

Pain

            

 None

        

1.00

   

 Mild

        

2.09

1.61

2.72

 < .001

 Severe

        

2.06

1.83

2.31

 < .001

Depression

            

 Light

        

1.00

   

 Moderate

        

1.45

1.26

1.65

 < .001

 Heavy/extreme

        

1.78

1.23

2.57

.002

 AUCa

0.600

   

0.612

   

0.700

   
  1. Logistic regression analysis with a complex sampling design was performed by adjusting for covariates
  2. Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, number of family members, and education level
  3. Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1, as well as region, economic activity, income, occupation, medical insurance type, and private insurance
  4. Model 3 was adjusted for Model 1 and Model 2, as well as smoking, drinking, body mass index, exercise, self-rated health status, stress level, pain, and depression
  5. NHI National Health Insurance, Q quartile, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, AUC area under the receiver, OR 95%, CI 95%
  6. aThe AUC operating characteristic curve indicates the discrimination ability of the prediction model
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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