The performance of the EQ-5D-3L in screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in hospital and community settings

Table 4 Performance of the EQ-5D-3L in screening for anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 ≥ 3)

Cut-point	Hospital setting (N = 492)		Community setting (N = 400)
Cut-point	≥ 2	≥ 3	≥ 2	≥ 3
EQ-5D-3L Anxiety/depression dimension
Sensitivity	75.0%	17.7%	74.6%	14.9%
Specificity	69.8%	98.0%	82.6%	98.2%
LR+	2.48	9.00	4.28	8.28
LR−	0.36	0.84	0.31	0.87
PPV	48.0%	76.6%	45.0%	61.2%
NPV	88.3%	76.3%	94.5%	85.8%
AUROC (95% CI)	0.74 (0.70, 0.79)		0.79 (0.74, 0.85)
EQ-5D-3L index score tertiles
Sensitivity	52.2%	14.7%	25.4%	4.5%
Specificity	30.3%	62.8%	34.4%	68.3%
LR+	0.75	0.39	0.39	0.14
LR−	1.58	1.36	2.17	1.40
PPV	21.7%	12.8%	6.9%	2.6%
NPV	63.2%	66.6%	70.8%	79.0%
AUROC (95% CI)	0.37 (0.32, 0.42)		0.27 (0.22, 0.33)
EQ-VAS score tertiles
Sensitivity	52.9%	13.2%	41.8%	10.5%
Specificity	32.4%	73.0%	30.5%	68.0%
LR+	0.78	0.49	0.60	0.33
LR−	1.45	1.19	1.91	1.32
PPV	22.5%	15.3%	10.3%	5.9%
NPV	65.0%	69.5%	73.3%	80.0%
AUROC (95% CI)	0.40 (0.33, 0.47)		0.33 (0.27, 0.39)

LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; AUROC, area under receiver operating curve. EQ-5D-3L index score tertiles: 2 = quintile 2, 3 = quintile 3. EQ-5D-3L anxiety/depression dimension: 2 = moderately anxious or depressed, 3 = extremely anxious or depressed. PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value. Bolded values indicate the cut-point that maximizes sensitivity and specificity for each component

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