Table 1 Characteristics of the 11 included studies

Chang L (2014)

60–70

1–4 y

200 (100/100)

NR

BHD

Piracetam tablet (0.8 g tid)

30 d

Cui H (2016)

(63.8 ± 3.4)

(62.4 ± 2.3)

(1.7 ± 0.5) m

(2.2 ± 0.6) m

72 (36/36)

(25/11)

(23/13)

BHD

Naotong decoction (TCM)

3 m

Jian S (2006)

(58.48 ± 9.06)

(56.33 ± 9.13)

18–161 d

22–154 d

76 (40/36)

(23/17)

(16/20)

BHD

Vinpocetine (5 mg tid)

4 w

Li S (2013)

(58.64 ± 4.97)

(59.87 ± 4.54)

(6.38 ± 1.28) m

(6.96 ± 1.59) m

40 (20/20)

(11/9)

(13/7)

BHD

Maixuekang capsule (CPM, 0.5 g tid)

3 m

Li S (2016)

(54.6 ± 13.4)

(53.7 ± 12.5)

(5.01 ± 3.96) y

(4.96 ± 4.01) y

80 (40/40)

(17/23)

(20/20)

BHD

Vitamin E (200 mg tid), Aspirin (100 mg qd), Nimodipine (30 mg tid), Venoruton tablet (20 mg tid)

3 m

Luo K (2016)

(65.1 ± 2.9)

(65.0 ± 3.0)

(0.6 ± 0.2) y

(0.8 ± 0.2) y

80 (40/40)

(21/19)

(22/18)

BHD

Conventional western medicine treatment, Nutritional metabolism therapy

30 d

Xu S (2015)

(62.2 ± 1.1)

(63.1 ± 1.2)

(6.4 ± 0.4) m

(6.1 ± 0.2) m

60 (30/30)

(16/14)

(15/15)

BHD

Nimodipine, Vitamin E, Venoruton tablet

3 m

Yan Y (2015)

(60.5 ± 4.8)

(61.2 ± 4.5)

(5.6 ± 1.2) m

(6.2 ± 1.3) m

82 (41/41)

(25/16)

(23/18)

BHD

Aspirin (100 mg qd), Nimodipine (30 mg tid), Venoruton tablet (20 mg bid)

3 m

Ying W (2016)

(54.10 ± 4.7)

(54.42 ± 5.6)

16 d—4 m

20 d—5 m

194 (97/97)

(51/46)

(62/35)

BHD

Aspirin (100 mg qd), Clopidogrel (75 mg qd)

30 d

Zhang D (2013)

(58.20 ± 10.13)

(59.41 ± 9.84)

(4.58 ± 5.29) y

(4.79 ± 5.15) y

120 (60/60)

(29/31)

(32/28)

BHD

Naoxintong capsule (CPM, 4 capsules tid)

6 m

Zhang H (2018)

(63.65 ± 5.35)

(63.55 ± 5.77)

2 w—6 m

80 (30/50)

(16/14)

(33/17)

BHD

Peiyuan Tongnao capsule (CPM, 3 capsules tid)

2 m