Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance of the English, Mandarin, and Malay versions of the SF-12v2 within a representative sample of the multi-ethnic Singapore population

Table 3 Standardized factor loadings for the final two factor model (Model 3) for the SF-12v2 amongst total sample, and subsamples based on questionnaire language

SF-12v2 items	Total sample (n = 6113^a)	Subsamples split by language
	Total sample (n = 6113^a)	English (n = 4914^a)	Mandarin (n = 557^a)	Malay (n = 642^a)
	Estimate	Estimate	Estimate	Estimate
Latent physical factor
General health (GH01)	− 0.54	− 0.58	− 0.64	− 0.55
Limited in moderate activities (PF02)	0.78	0.77	0.73	0.85
Limited in climbing several stairs (PF04)	0.73	0.73	0.68	0.83
Accomplished less due to physical health (RP02)	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.94
Limited in kind of work (RP03)	0.94	0.95	0.90	0.96
Pain interfered with work (BP02)	− 0.74	− 0.73	− 0.73	− 0.81
Latent mental factor
Accomplished less due to emotional problems (RE02)	0.89	0.90	0.91	0.88
Worked less carefully (RE03)	0.89	0.90	0.89	0.88
Felt calm and peaceful (MH03)	− 0.42	− 0.47	− 0.38	− 0.49
Have a lot of energy (VT02)	− 0.56	− 0.59	− 0.56	− 0.65
Felt downhearted and depressed (MH04)	0.55	0.59	0.45	0.59
Physical/emotional health problems interfered with social activities (SF02)	0.83	0.84	0.83	0.83
Latent factor correlation
Latent physical factor with latent mental factor	0.80	0.81	0.85	0.86
Correlated residuals
PF02 with PF04	0.70	0.66	0.66	0.64
RP02 with RP03	0.57	0.53	0.57	0.47
RE02 with RE03	0.75	0.71	0.80	0.89
MH03 with VT02	0.60	0.59	0.59	0.46
MH03 with MH04	− 0.32	− 0.32	− 0.34	− 0.36

ISSN: 1477-7525