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Table 2 Weighted mean differences in health utilities between self- and proxy-reports by health conditions

From: A comparison of self-reported and proxy-reported health utilities in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Health conditions*

N groups (N participants)

N groups (N proxies)

WMD† (95% CI)

P

I2

General populations

9 (2746)

9 (2746)

0.034 (0.021, 0.047)

 < 0.001

75.5%

Infectious and parasitic diseases

 Bacteremia

4 (36)

4 (28)

0.005 (− 0.044, 0.055)

0.829

38.4%

 Meningitis

4 (28)

4 (48)

− 0.117 (− 0.167, − 0.067)

 < 0.001

49.9%

Cancer

 Brain tumour

8 (194)

8 (232)

0.055 (− 0.010, 0.119)

0.099

62.0%

 Leukaemia/lymphoma

1 (33)

1 (79)

− 0.040 (− 0.108, 0.028)

0.251

–

 Medulloblastoma

4 (152)

4 (152)

− 0.013 (− 0.059, 0.034)

0.589

0.0%

 Mixed cancer diagnosis

6 (611)

6 (991)

0.053 (− 0.026, 0.132)

0.188

95.7%

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders

 Diabetes

9 (1382)

9 (1503)

0.004 (− 0.005, 0.014)

0.351

0.0%

 Overweight or obese

18 (1080)

18 (1080)

0.059 (0.045, 0.073)

 < 0.001

94.9%

 Cystic fibrosis

1 (55)

1 (199)

0.030 (0.005, 0.055)

0.017

/

Mental and behavioral disorders‡

 Anxiety disorders

6 (339)

6 (310)

0.011 (− 0.001, 0.024)

0.077

0.0%

 CD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.085 (− 0.113, 0.282)

0.400

94.2%

 CD + SA

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.085 (− 0.043, 0.213)

0.193

84.1%

 CD + ADHD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.075 (− 0.096, 0.247)

0.390

91.8%

 DBD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.072 (− 0.110, 0.254)

0.438

93.3%

 DBD + SA

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.055 (− 0.068, 0.177)

0.382

84.2%

 DBD + ADHD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.052 (− 0.072, 0.176)

0.412

83.9%

 ODD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.101 (− 0.045, 0.246)

0.174

90.5%

 ODD + SA

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.121 (− 0.050, 0.291)

0.167

89.0%

 ODD + ADHD

3 (86)

3 (46)

0.091 (− 0.127, 0.310)

0.414

95.0%

 Paediatric mobility impairment

12 (100)

12 (100)

− 0.059 (− 0.091, − 0.027)

 < 0.001

7.6%

 Prolonged acute convulsive seizures

2 (54)

2 (556)

− 0.265 (− 0.344, − 0.186)

 < 0.001

0.0%

Nervous system disorders

 Epilepsy

4 (64)

4 (16)

− 0.009 (− 0.040, 0.022)

0.560

0.0%

Diseases of the ear

 Hearing loss

4 (60)

4 (28)

0.068 (− 0.005, 0.141)

0.067

90.0%

 Otitis media

4 (28)

4 (44)

0.063 (− 0.039, 0.165)

0.225

86.8%

Circulatory system disorders

 Stroke

2 (44)

2 (44)

− 0.006 (− 0.088, 0.077)

0.893

0.0%

Respiratory system disorders

 Asthma

32 (2850)

32 (2850)

− 0.034 (− 0.039, − 0.029)

 < 0.001

34.6%

 Lung disease

8 (80)

8 (80)

− 0.030 (− 0.057, − 0.003)

0.031

0.7%

Musculoskeletal disorders

 MSKD

16 (612)

16 (900)

0.019 (− 0.001, 0.039)

0.068

43.6%

Genitourinary system disorders

 Pelvic inflammatory disease

10 (1340)

10 (1210)

0.123 (0.101, 0.144)

 < 0.001

25.5%

Conditions originating in the perinatal period

 ELBW/EP

4 (1056)

4 (1100)

0.065 (0.023, 0.106)

0.002

45.8%

 VLBW/VP

6 (1053)

6 (1053)

0.009 (− 0.016, 0.034)

0.481

98.9%

Congenital malformations

 Spina bifida

2 (125)

2 (132)

− 0.044 (− 0.078, − 0.010)

0.012

93.2%

Injury, poisoning and other consequences of external causes

 Injury

2 (44)

2 (44)

− 0.083 (− 0.155, − 0.012)

0.023

0.0%

Chronic illness

 Chronic illness

6 (164)

6 (164)

− 0.047 (− 0.080, − 0.013)

0.007

45.8%

  1. ODD oppositional defiant disorder, CD conduct disorder, DBD disruptive behaviour disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, SA substance abuse, VLBW/VP very low birth weight/very preterm, ELBW/EP extremely low birth weight/extremely preterm
  2. *Health conditions were reported based on ICD-10 categories
  3. †Proxy-reported health utilities minus self-reported health utilities
  4. ‡Plus indicates patients have multiple diagnoses