Effects of foot massage on relieving pain, anxiety and improving quality of life of patients undergone a cervical spine surgery

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the patients analyzed

Variable	Study group		p
Variable	Intervention group (n = 34)	Control group (n = 38)	p
Age (years)	54.2 ± 9.4	52.8 ± 12.4	0.246
Male gender, n (%)	15 (44.1%)	14 (36.8%)	0.632
BMI	28.9 ± 6.9	30.2 ± 7.5	0.195
Preoperative duration of pain, months	16.2 ± 14.3	13.8 ± 16.1	0.352
Smoker, n (%)	11 (32.4%)	16 (42.1%)	0.468
Hypertension, n (%)	13 (38.2%)	10 (26.3%)	0.319
Diabetes, n (%)	8 (23.5%)	13 (34.2%)	0.437
CAD, n (%)	5 (14.7%)	4 (10.5%)	0.726
HLD, n (%)	7 (20.6%)	10 (26.3%)	0.592
Education
Junior high school and below	16 (47.1%)	14 (36.9%)	0.314
Senior high school or polytechnic school	12 (35.3%)	20 (52.6%)
College and above	6 (17.6%)	4 (10.5%)

Values were expressed as n (percentage, %) or mean ± SD. p values for each group were derived from either unpaired t test or Mann–Whitney test as appropriate. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for assessing distribution of observations or phenomena between different groups
BMI: body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; HLD, hyperlipidemia

ISSN: 1477-7525