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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants: pain, self-efficacy and HRQOL sub-scale scores

From: Health-related quality of life in adolescents with persistent pain and the mediating role of self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study

Study variable

All (n = 78)

mean (SD)

Girls (n = 62)

mean (SD)

Boys (n = 16)

mean (SD)

Pain intensity

5.42 (1.88)

5.74 (1.75)

4.19 (1.90)

Self-efficacy

13.54 (3.30)

13.21 (3.29)

14.81 (3.17)

KIDSCREEN subscale

 Physical well-being

45.19 (20.99)

41.37 (18.56)

60.00 (23.80)

 Psychological well-being

56.09 (22.23)

53.02 (21.93)

67.97 (19.76)

 Mood

58.74 (21.56)

54.90 (21.29)

73.66 (15.64)

 Self-perception

45.71 (23.16)

43.06 (22.96)

55.94 (21.62)

 Autonomy

59.23 (18.90)

55.73 (18.64)

72.81 (13.16)

 Relationship with parents

65.01 (24.41)

64.38 (24.80)

67.45 (23.43)

 Financial resources

70.61 (26.85)

71.24 (27.23)

68.23 (26.03)

 Social support

60.52 (20.60)

58.67 (20.83)

67.71 (18.54)

 School environment

54.75 (20.03)

52.02 (18.32)

65.36 (23.31)

 Bullying

91.03 (13.34)

90.99 (14.02)

91.15 (10.74)