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Table 1 RS detection comparison in changes in SEM parameters between two time points

From: Response shift in health-related quality of life measures in the presence of formative indicators

Type of change

Reflective

(Oort’s procedure)

Formative

(Our proposal)

Reconceptualization

Patt. (Λ1) ≠ Patt. (Λ2)

Patt. (Γ1) ≠ Patt. (Γ2)

Reprioritization

λi1 ≠ λi2

γi1 ≠ γi2

Reconceptualization (secondary)

V(ζ1) ≠ V(ζ2)

Recalibration (uniform)

τi1 ≠ τi2

Recalibration (nonuniform)

V(εi1) ≠ V(εi2)

True change in means

M(η1) ≠ M(η2)

f(α1, α2), where α1 = 0

True change in the construct variance

V(η1) ≠ V(η2)

  1. Patt. means the pattern of zero and nonzero parameters in the matrix of loadings (Λt) and regression coefficients (Γt); V and M stand for variance and mean. For the meaning of the other symbols, see the description of Eqs. 1 and 2