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Table 3 Summary of EQ-5D-3L mean utility values (unadjusted) and EQ VAS

From: EQ-5D-3L health state utility values in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in Malaysia: a cross-sectional assessment

Factors

EQ-5D-3L utility values

EQ VAS

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

p value¶

Effect size

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

p value¶

Effect size

Total sample

0.893 (0.167)

1.000 (0.269)

–

–

81.22 (16.92)

85.00 (25.00)

–

–

Source of survey

        

 Self-reported

0.887 (0.165)

1.000 (0.269)

0.219

0.080

78.08 (18.19)

80.00 (20.00)

< 0.001*

0.439

 Proxy-reported

0.900 (0.169)

1.000 (0.255)

85.36 (14.10)

90.00 (15.00)

Gender

        

 Male

0.911 (0.157)

1.000 (0.244)

0.011*

0.202

82.29 (15.53)

85.00 (20.00)

0.450

0.114

 Female

0.878 (0.173)

1.000 (0.269)

80.37 (17.93)

85.00 (25.00)

Category

        

 Child (≤ 18 years old)

0.898 (0.163)

1.000 (0.255)

0.079

0.371

84.97 (15.16)

90.00 (15.00)

< 0.001*

0.611

 Adult

0.884 (0.172)

1.000 (0.269)

75.04 (17.86)

80.00 (25.00)

Presence of iron overload complication

        

 Absent

0.911 (0.153)

1.000 (0.244)

0.002*

0.257

83.31 (16.61)

85.00 (15.00)

< 0.001*

0.288

 Present

0.869 (0.180)

1.000 (0.269)

78.49 (16.70)

80.00 (20.00)

Route of iron chelating therapy

        

 Subcutaneous (SC) only

0.877 (0.187)

1.000 (0.269)

0.016Â¥,*

Reference Group

78.45 (15.68)

80.00 (20.00)

< 0.001¥,*

Reference Group

 Oral (PO) only

0.911 (0.151)

1.000 (0.244)

0.215

83.82 (15.41)

90.00 (15.00)

0.347

 SC + PO

0.866 (0.181)

1.000 (0.269)

0.060

77.60 (19.06)

80.00 (20.00)

0.047

Number of iron chelating agents

        

 Monotherapy

0.908 (0.153)

1.000 (0.255)

0.005*

0.274

82.95 (15.52)

87.50 (20.00)

< 0.001*

0.299

 Dual therapy

0.863 (0.186)

1.000 (0.269)

77.90 (18.95)

80.00 (20.00)

History of serious adverse event with iron chelating therapy

        

 Yes

0.881 (0.181)

1.000 (0.269)

0.585

0.078

78.16 (17.52)

85.00 (20.00)

0.068

0.208

 No

0.894 (0.164)

1.000 (0.269)

81.67 (16.80)

80.00 (20.00)

  1. Values of scores are presented as Mean (SD; standard deviation); Median (IQR; interquartile range) N, number; SC, subcutaneous; PO, oral; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale
  2. ¶p value using Mann Whitney U Test
  3. ¥p value using Kruskal Wallis Test
  4. *indicates significance at p value < 0.05, Effect Size (Cohen’s d Interpreted as d = 0.2–0.5 (Small), d = 0.5–0.8 (Moderate) and d > 0.8 (Large)