Table 4 Hierarchical linear regression for prediction HRQL through demographic characteristics, self-care behaviors and health literacy

Step 1

 Age

− 0.156*

0.046

2.22

8.17

0.068

 Gender

0.033

13.98

 Job

0.074

7.78

 Marriage

0.117

9.26

Step 2

 Age

− 0.124*

0.475

35.69

6.16

0.001

 Gender

0.001

10.31

 Job

0.059

5.80

 Marriage

0.106*

6.70

 Reading health information

0.478*

0.96

 Ability to access health information

0.372*

0.87

 Understanding health information

0.089

0.99

 Appraisal of health information

0.266*

1.35

 Decision-making

0.380*

0.48

Step 3

 Age

− 0.126*

0.136

17.39

5.42

0.001

 Gender

0.074

8.98

 Job

0.040

5.07

 Marriage

0.113*

5.84

 Reading health information

0.372*

0.96

 Ability to access health information

0.364*

0.76

 Understanding health information

0.088

0.85

 Appraisal of health information

0.148

1.18

 Decision-making

0.208*

0.46

 Diet

0.341*

0.39

 Exercise

0.126*

0.78

 Glucose monitoring

0.143*

1.44

 Medications

0.081

2.37

Total R2

–

0.655

–

–

Adjusted R2

–

0.630

–

–