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Table 1 Specifications of studies entered into the meta-analysis

From: The effect of exercise on anxiety in the elderly worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, year, reference

Place of Type of exercise study

Type of exercise

Sample size

Mean ± SD of before

Mean ± SD of after

Quality

Khesali, 2018, [17]

Iran

Tai Chi Chuan

60

41.79 ± 9.5

29.41 ± 7.64

High

Asiachi, 2017, [18]

Iran

Yoga

30

73.6 ± 6.2

71.3 ± 7.5

Medium

Katula-1, 1999, [19]

USA

Exercise Light

80

14.79 ± 4.85

13.2 ± 4.03

High

Katula-2, 1999, [19]

USA

Exercise Moderate

80

14.13 ± 4.07

13.46 ± 4.0

High

Katula-3, 1999, [19]

USA

Exercise Maximal

80

15.33 ± 5.2

17.16 ± 5.5

High

Cassilhas, 2010, [20]

Brazil

24 weeks of resistance exercise

20

62.91 ± 1.3

56.13 ± 3.81

High

Watanabe-1, 2000, [21]

Japan

Water-based Exercise

36

35.5 ± 7.3

29.1 ± 6.5

Medium

Watanabe-2, 2000, [21]

Japan

Land-based Exercise

37

36.5 ± 7.3

30.5 ± 6.70

Medium

Teixeira-1, 2013, [22]

Portugal

Physical Activity Scale (23)

70

37.24 ± 13.48

34.6 ± 5.71

High

Teixeira-2, 2013, [22]

Portugal

Physical Activity Scale (23)

70

46.68 ± 13.12

36.24 ± 8.82

High

Teixeira-3, 2013, [22]

Portugal

Physical Activity Scale (23)

70

37.29 ± 9.12

37.45 ± 7.57

High

Teixeira-4, 2013, [22]

Portugal

Physical Activity Scale (23)

70

46.48 ± 10.97

38.9 ± 8.15

High

Hyun, 2009, [24]

Korea

Danjeon Breathing Exercise

37

48.69 ± 11.38

41.19 ± 6.88

High

Park, 2011, [25]

Korea

Tai Chi Exercise

23

50.55 ± 8.76

46.91 ± 14.33

High

Bethany-1, 2005, [26]

USA

Yoga

11

35.64 ± 8.82

26.36 ± 8.59

High

Bethany-2, 2005, [26]

USA

Aerobics

11

29.73 ± 8.78

29.0 ± 6.72

High

Bethany-3, 2005, [26]

USA

Walking

10

33.1 ± 8.94

32.5 ± 7.49

High

Antunes-1, 2005, [27]

Brazil

Endurance exercise

23

40.78 ± 9.21

28.56 ± 5.5

Medium

Antunes-2, 2005, [27]

Brazil

Endurance exercise

23

35.08 ± 5.34

29.52 ± 4.85

Medium