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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population in the 2015–2017 KNHANES

From: Sex differences in the association between self-rated health and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Koreans: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Characteristic

Men

Women

Low hs-CRP (≤ 1.0 mg/L) (n = 4495)

High hs-CRP (> 1.0 mg/L) (n = 1786)

P value†

Low hs-CRP (≤ 1.0 mg/L) (n = 6306)

High hs-CRP (> 1.0 mg/L) (n = 1957)

P value†

Age (years), mean (SD)

49.8 (0.249)

53.3(0.391)

.000*

49.9 (0.203)

54.2 (0.373)

.000*

Educational level, n (%)

  

.000*

  

.000*

 Elementary school or lower

580 (12.9)

333 (18.6)

 

1424 (22.6)

653 (33.4)

 

 Middle school

446 (9.9)

205 (11.5)

 

651 (10.3)

203 (10.4)

 

 High school

1575 (35.0)

568 (31.8)

 

2001 (31.7)

547 (28.0)

 

 College or higher

1894 (42.1)

680 (38.1)

 

2230 (35.4)

554 (28.3)

 

Marital status, n (%)

  

.002*

  

.000*

 Married

3536 (78.7)

1487 (83.3)

 

5396 (85.6)

1772 (90.5)

 

 Unmarried

959 (21.3)

299 (16.7)

 

910 (14.4)

185 (9.5)

 

Household income level, n (%)

  

.101

  

.009*

 Low

1034 (23.0)

457 (25.6)

 

1444 (22.9)

522 (26.7)

 

 Lower middle

1077 (24.0)

464 (26.0)

 

1591 (25.2)

519 (26.5)

 

 Upper middle

1156 (25.7)

435 (24.4)

 

1609 (25.5)

470 (24.0)

 

 High

1228 (27.3)

430 (24.1)

 

1662 (26.4)

446 (22.8)

 

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

70.0 (0.158)

73.4 (0.351)

.000*

56.8 (0.103)

62.1 (0.253)

.000*

Height (cm), mean (SD)

170.5 (0.101)

169.6 (0.161)

.000*

157.5 (0.081)

156.2 (0.149)

.000*

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

24.0 (0.044)

25.4 (0.087)

.000*

22.9 (0.040)

25.4 (0.091)

.000*

Smoking, n (%)

  

.123

  

.483

 Nonsmoker

1130 (25.1)

389 (21.8)

 

5710 (90.5)

1742 (89.0)

 

 Past smoker

1926 (42.8)

777 (43.5)

 

341 (5.4)

118 (6.0)

 

 Current smoker

1439 (32.0)

620 (34.7)

 

255 (4.0)

97 (5.0)

 

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

  

.001*

  

.000*

 Never drink

196 (4.4)

85 (4.8)

 

951 (15.1)

392 (20.0)

 

 < Once/month

1004 (22.3)

457 (25.6)

 

2634 (41.8)

864 (44.1)

 

 < Five times/month

1691 (37.6)

577 (32.3)

 

2020 (32.0)

496 (25.3)

 

 ≥ Five times/month

1604 (35.7)

667 (37.3)

 

701 (11.1)

205 (10.5)

 

Chronic diseases**, n (%)

  

.000*

  

.000*

 None

2579 (57.4)

789 (44.2)

 

4000 (63.4)

966 (49.4)

 

 One

1186 (26.4)

590 (33.0)

 

1274 (20.2)

536 (27.4)

 

 Two or more

730 (16.2)

407 (22.8)

 

1032 (16.4)

455 (23.2)

 

Self-rated health, n (%)

  

.000*

  

.000*

 Very poor

80 (1.8)

59 (3.3)

 

270 (4.3)

108 (5.5)

 

 Poor

532 (11.8)

264 (14.8)

 

1026 (16.3)

410 (21.0)

 

 Fair

2271 (50.5)

943 (52.8)

 

3328 (52.8)

1009 (51.6)

 

 Good

1317 (29.3)

431 (24.1)

 

1431 (22.7)

370 (18.9)

 

 Very good

295 (6.6)

89 (5.0)

 

251 (4.0)

60 (3.1)

 

Menopause, n (%)

     

.000*

 No

   

3211 (50.9)

752 (38.4)

 

 Yes

   

3072 (48.7)

1189 (60.8)

 
  1. KNHANES Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, SE standard error, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index
  2. *p ≤ .05
  3. **Chronic diseases include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina pectoris), stroke, and rheumatoid arthritis
  4. †P values of t test or the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical variables to determine differences between groups according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels