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Table 2 Characteristics of the sample (N = 696)

From: Health-related quality of life is strongly associated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness, and stress in 14–15-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Total (696)

Boys (n = 296)

Girls (n = 400)

P value

Age, mean (SD)

14.09 (0.33)

14.08 (0.36)

14.09 (0.30)

0.905

Adult members of the household, N (%)

   

0.185

 Both parents

508 (73.0)

224 (75.7)

284 (71.0)

 

 Alternates between two parents

100 (14.4)

45 (15.2)

55 (13.8)

 

 One parent and one stepparent

20 (2.9)

6 (2.0)

14 (3.5)

 

 One parent

55 (7.9)

16 (5.4)

39 (9.8)

 

 Other caregivers

13 (1.9)

5(1.7)

8 (2.0)

 

Parents’ marital status, N (%)a

   

0.642

 Two parent family

492 (70.7)

212 (71.6)

280 (70.0)

 

 Single/divorced parent family

204 (29.3)

84 (28.4)

120 (30.0)

 

Parents’ birthplace, N (%)

   

0.267

 Both parents born in Norway

551 (79.2)

241 (81.4)

310 (77.5)

 

 One parent born in Norway

87 (12.5)

30 (10.1)

57 (14.2)

 

 Both parents born in another country

58 (8.3)

25 (8.4)

33 (8.3)

 

Parents’ work status, N (%)

   

0.013

 Both parents working

547 (78.6)

247 (83.4)

300 (75.0)

 

 One parent working

133 (19.1)

46 (15.5)

87 (21.8)

 

 No parent working

16 (2.3)

3 (1.0)

13 (3.3)

 

Number of siblings, N (%)b

   

0.730

 None

30 (4.3)

11 (3.7)

19 (4.8)

 

 1

263 (37.8)

107 (36.1)

156 (39.0)

 

 2

244 (35.1)

109 (36.8)

135 (33.8)

 

 ≥ 3

159 (22.8)

69 (36.8)

90 (22.5)

 

Moved during the previous 5 years, N (%)c

   

0.027

 No

474 (68.1)

215 (72.6)

259 (64.8)

 

 Yes

222 (31.9)

81 (27.4)

141 (35.3)

 

School absence for the previous 3 months, N (%)d

   

0.812

 0–4 days

595 (85.5)

255 (86.1)

340 (85.0)

 

 5–10 days

84 (12.1)

35 (11.8)

49 (12.3)

 

 > 10 days

17 (2.4)

8 (2.0)

11 (2.8)

 
  1. Continuous variables analyzed using independent t-test. Categorical variables analyzed using χ2-test
  2. SD, standard deviation
  3. aThe variable was dichotomized as “two parents” (married or cohabiting) or “single parent” (unmarried, divorced, or widowed)
  4. bThe variable was recoded into four categories: “none,” “1,” “2,” or “ ≥ 3” (3, 4, 5, > 5)
  5. cThe variable was dichotomized as “yes” (moved 1 time, 2–4 times, ≥ 5 times) or “no.”
  6. dThe variable was recoded into three categories: “0–4 days” (none, 1–4 days), “5–10 days” (5–7 days, 8–10 days), or “ > 10 days.”