Table 1 Overview of instruments used in this study
Factors | Instruments | Number of items | αª |
|---|---|---|---|
HRQOL | KIDSCREEN-27 | ||
Physical well-being | 5 | 0.81 | |
Psychological well-being | 7 | 0.87 | |
Autonomy and parent relations | 7 | 0.77 | |
Social support and peers | 4 | 0.78 | |
School environment | 4 | 0.80 | |
Self-efficacy | Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSE) | 10 | 0.87 |
Self-esteem | Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSES) | 4 | 0.79 |
Pain | Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) | ||
Having pain today | 1 | ||
Pain on average | 1 | ||
Pain interference with activity | 3 | 0.81 | |
Pain interference with emotions | 4 | 0.90 | |
Lübeck Pain-Screening Questionnaire (LPQ) | |||
Pain duration | 1 | ||
Pain frequency | 1 | ||
OTC analgesic questions (derived from SUS) | |||
Intake of OTC analgesics during the last 4 weeks | 1 | ||
Frequency of OTC analgesics intake | 1 | ||
Sleep | School Sleep Habits Survey | ||
Problems with sleepiness | 1 | ||
Frequency of enough sleep | 1 | ||
Loneliness | UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) | 8 | 0.80 |
Stress | Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) | 30 | 0.93 |