Table 3 Multilevel regression coefficients and P value between variables and PedsQL scores

Intercept

80.85 (3.82)

< 0.001

85.62 (2.45)

< 0.001

90.99 (2.37)

< 0.001

86.79 (3.46)

< 0.001

87.92 (2.59)

< 0.001

85.58 (2.74)

< 0.001

Sex (ref = Male)

 Female

0.25 (0.51)

0.619

− 0.75 (0.65)

0.247

− 0.23 (0.59)

0.692

− 0.64 (0.64)

0.317

− 0.83 (0.43)

0.057

− 0.74 (0.38)

0.051

Age group (ref = 2–4 year)

 5–7 year

1.10 (0.64)

0.084

0.07 (0.82)

0.936

− 0.47 (0.74)

0.530

− 2.46 (0.81)

0.002

− 1.01 (0.55)

0.065

− 0.05 (0.48)

0.921

 8–12 year

3.04 (0.85)

< 0.001

0.26 (1.06)

0.804

− 0.74 (0.97)

0.445

− 4.50 (1.05)

 < 0.001

− 1.67 (0.71)

0.019

0.15 (0.62)

0.808

 13–18 year

1.09 (1.66)

0.514

− 0.29 (2.09)

0.889

0.26 (1.90)

0.891

− 6.66 (2.07)

0.001

− 2.15 (1.40)

0.125

− 1.45 (1.22)

0.236

Household registration place (ref = Hangzhou)

Other cities

− 0.79 (0.56)

0.158

− 0.11 (0.71)

0.882

− 0.94 (0.65)

0.152

− 1.28 (0.71)

0.070

− 0.57 (0.48)

0.235

− 0.93 (0.42)

0.027

Household type (ref = cities and towns)

Rural areas

− 0.99 (0.59)

0.096

0.82 (0.75)

0.279

0.69 (0.69)

0.320

− 0.44 (0.75)

0.555

− 0.07 (0.51)

0.895

− 0.58 (0.44)

0.191

Family monthly income per capita (ref = < ¥5000)

 ¥5000–¥10,000

− 1.05 (0.61)

0.084

0.76 (0.78)

0.328

− 1.11 (0.71)

0.117

0.25 (0.78)

0.748

0.06 (0.53)

0.909

− 0.14 (0.46)

0.761

 > ¥10,000

0.50 (0.81)

0.538

1.12 (1.02)

0.276

1.00 (0.94)

0.287

1.88 (1.02)

0.064

1.20 (0.69)

0.081

0.95 (0.60)

0.113

Conditional R²

0.812

0.486

0.523

0.678

0.719

0.792