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Table 2 Socioeconomic status, social capital, and HRQoL in participants with or without a certain health risk behavior

From: Socioeconomic status, social capital, health risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults

Variables

Smoking

Alcohol consumption

Physical inactivity

Unhealthy dietary behavior

Unhealthy weight

Sleep disorder

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Education level

  < Primary school

593 (30.1)

1378 (69.9)

644 (32.7)

1327 (67.3)

1351 (68.5)

620 (31.5)

1045 (53.0)

926 (47.0)

642 (32.6)

1329 (67.4)

927 (47.0)

1044 (53.0)

 Primary school

377 (29.9)

884 (70.1)

443 (35.1)

818 (64.9)

777 (61.6)

484 (38.4)

541 (42.9)

720 (57.1)

436 (34.6)

825 (65.4)

547 (43.4)

714 (56.6)

 Middle/high school

465 (36.2)

818 (63.8)

524 (40.8)

759 (59.2)

753 (58.7)

530 (41.3)

505 (39.4)

778 (60.6)

371 (28.9)

912 (71.1)

603 (47.0)

680 (53.0)

  ≥ College

128 (36.3)

225 (63.7)

158 (44.8)

195 (55.2)

163 (46.2)

190 (53.8)

135 (38.2)

218 (61.8)

100 (28.3)

253 (71.7)

137 (38.8)

216 (61.2)

 χ2

19.38***

 

34.30***

 

79.24***

 

75.20***

 

11.90**

 

11.69**

 

Income level

  < 15,000 CHY

612 (35.0)

1139 (65.0)

584 (33.4)

1167 (66.6)

1389 (79.3)

362 (20.7)

885 (50.5)

866 (49.5)

676 (38.6)

1075 (61.4)

966 (55.2)

785 (44.8)

 15,000–30,000 CHY

406 (33.4)

811 (66.6)

445 (36.6)

772 (63.4)

870 (71.5)

347 (28.5)

620 (50.9)

597 (49.1)

375 (30.8)

842 (69.2)

587 (48.2)

630 (51.8)

 30,000–45,000 CHY

278 (29.7)

658 (70.3)

351 (37.5)

585 (62.5)

410 (43.8)

526 (56.2)

371 (39.6)

565 (60.4)

258 (27.6)

678 (72.4)

366 (39.1)

570 (60.9)

  ≥ 45,000 CHY

267 (27.7)

697 (72.3)

389 (40.4)

575 (59.6)

375 (38.9)

589 (61.1)

350 (36.3)

614 (63.7)

240 (24.9)

724 (75.1)

295 (30.6)

669 (69.4)

 χ2

18.46***

 

14.04**

 

622.33***

 

78.17***

 

66.86***

 

171.42***

 

Social capital

40.9 ± 14.6

42.4 ± 14.4

42.8 ± 15.3

41.4 ± 14.0

39.5 ± 14.2

46.0 ± 14.1

38.5 ± 14.2

44.8 ± 14.1

41.1 ± 14.1

42.3 ± 14.6

38.7 ± 13.6

44.6 ± 14.7

 t

3.29**

 

−3.05**

 

15.48***

 

15.50***

 

2.59*

 

14.49***

 

HRQoL

75.7 ± 12.6

78.0 ± 12.3

77.6 ± 12.6

77.1 ± 12.3

74.1 ± 12.3

82.7 ± 10.6

74.1 ± 12.4

80.0 ± 11.8

76.8 ± 12.2

77.5 ± 12.5

74.1 ± 11.9

80.0 ± 12.2

 t

6.03***

 

−1.21

 

25.83***

 

17.15***

 

1.83

 

17.13***

 
  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), categorical variables are presented as frequency (n) and percentage (%)
  2. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05