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Table 2 Overview of the key concepts, data and methods for assessing cross-cultural adaptation of the German ASCOT instrument for service users

From: Cross-cultural adaptation and construct validity of the German version of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit for service users (German ASCOT)

Concept

Aim

Data/Tools

Method

Linguistic validity

Establish conceptual and linguistic equivalence between the original and translated version of the instrument, its survey questions, and response choices [13].

Cognitive interview transcripts

Analysis of the interview transcripts to identify discrepancies in the meaning of the translated ASCOT items and response options from the original concepts. Analysis was based on the individual item and consisted of summarizing responses, identifying problem areas and suggesting improvements where needed [26].

Content validity

Assure that the content of an instrument is an adequate reflection of the constructs intended to be measured [27] and whether the instrument, its components (items), and response choices are comprehensive, understandable and acceptable [28].

Cognitive debriefing interview transcripts; ASCOT concept clarification guide [4, 20]

Analysis of the interview transcripts to assess whether the translation reflected the same item content as the original version, the explanations of responses were compared to the ASCOT concept clarification guide.

Construct validity

Investigate how similar the instrument is to other conceptually-related measures (convergent validity) or whether the instrument is able to differentiate where differences between groups are anticipated (know-group validity or discriminative validity) [27] [29].

Survey data (n = 633)

Hypothesis testing using bivariate tests of association with related constructs and service user characteristics.