An evaluation of EQ-5D-3L health utility scores using five country-specific tariffs in a rural population aged 45–69 years in Hua county, Henan province, China

Table 1 Selected demographic and behavioral characteristics in 12,085 residents from rural Hua County, China

Variable	N (%)	Full health ^a(%)	pvalue^b
Age (years)
45–54	5891 (48.75)	71.46	< 0.001
55–69	6194 (51.25)	67.39
Gender
Male	5913 (48.93)	73.33	< 0.001
Female	6172 (51.07)	65.59
Educational level
Middle School and above (>6y)	5610 (46.42)	71.76	< 0.001
Primary School and below (≤6y)	6475 (53.58)	67.31
Job type
Office	214 (1.77)	75.23	< 0.001
Labor	11,871 (98.23)	69.27
Annual household per capita income^c
> 2000RMB	5579 (46.16)	70.84	< 0.001
≤ 2000RMB	5504 (45.54)	67.08
Unknown	1002 (8.29) ^d	73.85
Marital status
Married	11,443 (94.69)	69.69	< 0.001
Unmarried	642 (5.31)	63.71
Living arrangement
Living with spouse or relatives	11,779 (97.47)	69.73	< 0.001
Living alone	303 (2.51)	55.45
Unknown	3 (0.02)	100.00
Frequency of eating fruits
> 3 times/week	5983 (49.51)	71.92	< 0.001
≤ 3 times/week	6102 (50.49)	66.88
Frequency of eating vegetables
> 3 times/week	11,028 (91.25)	70.29	< 0.001
≤ 3 times/week	1057 (8.75)	59.79
Body mass index
< 30 kg/m²	10,569 (87.46)	70.11	< 0.001
≥ 30 kg/m²	1475 (12.21)	64.14
Unknown	41 (0.34)	68.29
Chronic diseases
No	10,181 (84.24)	71.81	< 0.001
Yes	1904 (15.76)	56.36
Total	12,085 (100)	69.38

^a Proportion of respondents reporting no problem in any EQ-5D-3L dimension
^bp values were derived from the Chi-square test on full health
^c Annual household per capita income is in RMB
^d The 1002 subjects excluded due to missing value on annual household per capita income had better better health status compared to those with no missing values (p < 0.001)

ISSN: 1477-7525