Table 3 Instrumental Variable Fixed Effect Panel Estimates with Age Interactions

General Health

0.157^***

0.191^***

0.133^***

(4.82)

(3.81)

(3.08)

General health*Age1

−0.0410^***

− 0.0401^***

− 0.0416^***

(−7.69)

(−5.25)

(−5.60)

General health*Age2

−0.0362^***

− 0.0147

− 0.0535^***

(−4.52)

(−1.22)

(−4.91)

GHQ12

−0.193^***

− 0.195^***

− 0.193^***

(−11.47)

(−9.34)

(−7.30)

GHQ12*Age1

0.018^***

0.020^***

0.016^***

(5.03)

(4.00)

(3.30)

GHQ12*Age2

0.030^***

0.038^***

0.026^***

(6.37)

(5.51)

(3.87)

Age

0.0219^***

0.0202^***

0.0236^***

0.019^***

0.018^***

0.020^***

(24.12)

(14.52)

(19.54)

(19.42)

(12.72)

(14.25)

BHPS

0.228^***

0.198^***

0.249^***

0.267^***

0.221^***

0.301^***

(25.20)

(15.24)

(19.92)

(22.88)

(13.70)

(17.86)

Couple

0.0939^***

0.0328^**

0.140^***

0.054^***

0.014

0.083^***

(9.45)

(2.29)

(10.34)

(4.14)

(0.79)

(4.33)

Higher education

−0.0422^**

−0.0282

−0.0530^*

−0.043^*

−0.014

−0.063^*

(−1.98)

(−0.88)

(−1.89)

(−1.72)

(− 0.40)

(−1.86)

Child 0–2

− 0.0518^***

−0.0717^***

− 0.0336^***

−0.057^***

− 0.078^***

−0.039^***

(−7.12)

(−6.92)

(−3.30)

(−6.11)

(−6.01)

(−2.95)

Child 3–4

−0.0456^***

−0.0421^***

− 0.0437^***

−0.067^***

− 0.081^***

−0.054^***

(−6.18)

(−3.87)

(−4.36)

(− 7.00)

(−5.87)

(−4.14)

Child 5–11

−0.00634

−0.0146^**

0.00342

−0.033^***

− 0.022^***

−0.039^**

(−1.22)

(−1.97)

(0.48)

(−4.80)

(−2.45)

(−3.63)

Child 12–15

−0.0190^***

−0.0276^***

− 0.00990

−0.023^***

− 0.027^***

−0.019^*

(−3.37)

(− 3.30)

(−1.30)

(− 3.20)

(− 2.62)

(−1.86)

Real Family Income

0.0000508^***

0.0000468^***

0.0000581^***

0.0000507^***

0.0000429^***

0.0000632^***

(28.31)

(21.34)

(18.81)

(23.33)

(16.25)

(16.12)

Self Employed

0.195^***

0.202^***

0.189^***

0.150^***

0.150^***

0.142^***

(8.05)

(5.33)

(5.84)

(4.67)

(3.22)

(3.12)

Employed

0.225^***

0.240^***

0.214^***

0.189^***

0.190^***

0.189^***

(10.05)

(6.62)

(7.59)

(6.23)

(4.22)

(4.58)

Unemployed

−0.276^***

−0.350^***

−0.197^***

0.021

−0.045

0.088

(−11.48)

(−9.24)

(−6.35)

(0.51)

(−0.81)

(1.44)

Retired

0.144^***

0.129^***

0.148^***

0.070^**

0.013

0.103^***

(6.12)

(3.38)

(4.98)

(2.18)

(0.28)

(2.39)

Maternity leave

0.225^***

0.206^***

0.126^***

0.113^**

(7.59)

(5.99)

(3.04)

(2.25)

Family care

0.0695^***

−0.0331

0.0795^***

0.128^***

0.027

0.149^***

(2.96)

(−0.61)

(2.75)

(3.91)

(0.40)

(3.37)

Full-time study

0.0685^***

0.0834^**

0.0644^*

0.029

0.036

0.031

(2.66)

(2.04)

(1.96)

(0.85)

(0.71)

(0.66)

Long-term sick

−0.0513^*

−0.123^***

0.00871

0.376^***

0.275^***

0.461^***

(−1.77)

(−2.71)

(0.23)

(7.18)

(3.99)

(5.78)

Constant

2.087^***

2.110^***

2.046^***

4.555^***

4.562^***

4.566^***

(17.08)

(11.02)

(12.84)

(25.85)

(22.35)

(15.55)

n

329,282

146,714

182,568

338,628

150,911

187,717

Sargan-Hansen χ²(3)

1.323

1.547

5.456

4.267

2.047

5.062

 F(6, 51,268)

11.12^***

66.73^***

66.46^***

 F(6, 22,762)

8.27^***

49.63^***

49.54^***

 F(6, 27,992)

106.4^***

5597.82^***

2366.27^***

 F(6, 51,550)

59.65^***

3533.35^***

1748.14^***

 F(6, 23,145)

36.74^***

1492.25^***

654.83^***

 F(6, 28.412)

27.45^***

2073.62^***

1100.02^***