Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Age, mean (SD)

43.0 (1.5)

43.1 (1.5)^a

0.98

Duration of diabetes in years

NA

7.3 (6.4)

NA

Sex

Males (%)

48 (55)

32 (36)^b

0.02

Females (%)

40 (45)

56 (64)

Marital status

Single (%)

25 (28)

25 (28)^b

1.0

Married (%)

63 (72)

63 (72)

Level of education

School (%)

32 (36)

32 (37)^b

0.96

University (%)

56 (64)

55 (63)

Smoking

No (%)

65 (75)

63 (72)^b

0.61

Yes (%)

22 (25)

25 (28)

Clinical attachment loss

CAL < 3 mm

80 (90)

68 (77)^b

0.01

CAL ≥ 3 mm

8 (10)

20 (23)

Decayed (D) Missing (M) Filled (F) Teeth

D (SD)

4.5 (4.9)

3.8 (4.3)^a

0.37

M (SD)

3.4 (4.6)

3.3 (4.6)^a

0.97

F (SD)

5.0 (5.2)

5.1 (4.9)^a

0.92