Table 3 Prevalence and Odds Ratio of Chronic Diseases, Impaired Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Depressive Symptoms by Hearing Status
Hearing Status | Chronic Diseases | Impaired ADLs | Impaired IADLs | Depressive Symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
CHARLS Pooled Data (N = 14,930) | ||||||||
 Hearing Status | ||||||||
  No Hearing Impairment (Reference Group) | 0.74 (0.73–0.74) | 1.00 | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) | 1.00 | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) | 1.00 | 0.33 (0.32–0.34) | 1.00 |
  Having Hearing Impairment | 0.82 (0.81–0.83) | 1.60*** (1.49–1.72) | 0.27 (0.26–0.28) | 1.86*** (1.75–1.98) | 0.36 (0.35–0.37) | 2.26*** (2.13–2.39) | 0.43 (0.41–0.44) | 1.57*** (1.48–1.67) |
Hearing Survey Data (N = 376) | ||||||||
 Hearing Status | ||||||||
  Moderate Hearing Impairment (Reference Group) | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) | 1.00 | 0.14 (0.08–0.21) | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.48–0.67) | 1.00 | 0.31 (0.23–0.40) | 1.00 |
  Severe Hearing Impairment | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | 1.10 (0.63–1.93) | 0.26 (0.19–0.33) | 2.14* (1.12–4.10) | 0.67 (0.60–0.75) | 1.53 (0.91–2.59) | 0.39 (0.31–0.47) | 1.41 (0.82–2.42) |
  Profound Hearing Impairment | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) | 1.17 (0.65–2.10) | 0.27 (0.19–0.35) | 2.26 * (1.15–4.44) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 2.76*** (1.53–4.97) | 0.53 (0.44–0.62) | 2.56*** (1.47–4.45) |