Table 2 Effects of the Happiness Route, intention-to-treat analysis (all = 108, HR = 58, CC = 50)

Outcome

Group

Mean (S.E.)

Mean (S.E.)

Mean (S.E.)

p

p

p

d

MHC-SF total

HR

2.04 (0.13)

2.07 (0.12)

2.28 (0.12)

.362

.018*

.902

0.38

CC

1.93 (0.12)

1.96 (0.12)

2.13 (0.13)

0.17

MHC-SF emo

HR

2.09 (0.18)

2.40 (0.22)

2.56 (0.20)

.649

.012*

.603

0.32

CC

2.10 (0.18)

2.19 (0.22)

2.45 (0.21)

0.25

MHC-SF soc

HR

1.43 (0.11)

1.57 (0.16)

1.83 (0.16)

.791

.026*

.457

0.25

CC

1.52 (0.12)

1.54 (0.13)

1.67 (0.13)

0.23

MHC-SF psy

HR

2.50 (0.16)

2.33 (0.17)

2.50 (0.16)

.247

.359

.640

0.00

CC

2.19 (0.15)

2.21 (0.16)

2.34 (0.16)

0.14

Resilience

HR

2.59 (0.10)

2.69 (0.17)

2.77 (0.17)

.711

.069

.510

0.17

CC

2.64 (0.12)

2.83 (0.15)

2.75 (0.14)

0.12

Purpose in life

HR

14.95 (0.59)

15.65 (0.83)

15.81 (0.89)

.233

.213

.679

0.15

CC

14.26 (0.63)

14.66 (0.75)

14.89 (0.78)

0.13

Depression

HR

27.05 (1.76)

24.56 (2.29)

21.19 (2.58)

.772

.032*

.169

0.35

CC

25.04 (1.49)

25.74 (2.08)

23.67 (2.29)

0.10

Quality of life

HR

0.45 (0.04)

0.49 (0.07)

0.51 (0.07)

.716

.118

.572

0.13

CC

0.46 (0.05)

0.54 (0.06)

0.50 (0.06)

0.08

Loneliness

HR

8.65 (0.32)

8.51 (0.52)

7.42 (0.74)

.014*

.019*

.486

0.28

CC

9.41 (0.29)

9.43 (0.39)

8.85 (0.52)

0.19

Participation

HR

1.81 (0.21)

1.52 (0.31)

1.47 (0.45)

.456

.251

.376

0.13

CC

1.90 (0.21)

1,94 (0.26)

1.71 (0.33)

0.10