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Table 5 Mean EQ-VAS score at T1, conventional change and retrospective change between EQ-VAS score at T1 and T2 and magnitude of recall bias and response shift

From: Conventional and retrospective change in health-related quality of life of trauma patients: an explorative observational follow-up study

 

EQ-VAS T1

Mean EQ-5D T2

Mean Then Test

Conventional change

Retrospective change

ICCα

Mean Recall Test

Recall bias

Response shift

ICC§

Total

56.3$

(SD 20)

72.6

(SD 17.0)

54.7

(SD 21.0)

16.3

(SD 19)

17.9

(SD 18)

0.483*

55.7

(SD 21.0)

−0.62

(SD 20)

−1.59

(SD 19)

0.783*

Gender

 Males

58.3

(SD 21)

73.4

(SD 17.0)

56.4

(SD 22.5)

15.0

(SD 12)

17.0

(SD 14)

0.464*

57.6

(SD 22.5)

−0.74

(SD 21)

−1.94

(SD 19)

0.793*

 Females

53.8

(SD 19)

71.7

(SD 16.9)

52.7

(SD 18.8)

17.9

(SD 19)

19.0

(SD 18)

0.503*

53.3

(SD 18.7)

−0.46

(SD 17)

−1.14

(SD 19)

0.768*

Age

  < 65 years

54.1 (SD 20)

72.1

(SD 17.9)

51.4

(SD 21.2)

17.9

(SD 19)

20.7

(SD 19)

0.459*

51.7

(SD 20.9)

−2.46

(SD 18)

−2.74

(SD 20)

0.740*

 65+ years

58.7

(SD 21)

73.2

(SD 15.9)

58.3

(SD 20.2)

14.5

(SD 20)

14.8

(SD 16)

0.498*

60.0

(SD 20.2)

1.362

(SD 21)

−0.34

(SD 18)

0.825*

Educational level1

 Low

56.1 (SD 21)

69.7

(SD 16.9)

54.6

(SD 19.6)

13.6

(SD 21)

15.1

(SD 19)

0.561*

55.8

(SD 20.7)

−0.32

(SD 20)

−1.51

(SD 19)

0.798*

 Middle

57.4 (SD 21)

74.3

(SD 17.2)

54.8

(SD 22.7)

17.0

(SD 20)

19.6 (SD 18)

0.402*

55.7

(SD 22.5)

−1.71

(SD 21)

−2.61

(SD 21)

0.773*

 High

55.1 (SD 20)

72.8

(SD 16.3)

54.3

(SD 20.0)

17.7

(SD 17)

18.5

(SD 16)

0.519*

55.4

(SD 19.6)

0.32

(SD 18)

−0.80

(SD 16)

0.784*

Comorbidity status2

 No comorbidity

57.3

(SD 20)

77.0

(SD 16.3)

56.2

(SD 20.9)

19.7

(SD 20)

20.8

(SD 19)

0.524*

56.7

(SD 20.5)

−0.58

(SD 20)

−1.06

(SD 19)

0.772*

 Comorbidity

55.6

(SD 20)

69.6

(SD 16.6)

53.9

(SD 20.8)

14.1

(SD 19)

15.7

(SD 17)

0.421*

55.3

(SD 21.1)

−0.27

(SD 20)

−1.676 (SD 19)

0.793*

ISS3

 ISS < 16

57.3

(SD 20)

73.1

(SD 16.8)

55.9

(SD 20.3)

15.8

(SD 19)

17.11

(SD 17)

0.503*

56.6

(SD 20.4)

−0.69

(SD 19)

−1.31

(SD 19)

0.802*

 ISS > = 16

44.6

(SD 20)

66.5

(SD 18.3)

37.9

(SD 23.6)

21.9

(SD 23)

28.5

(SD 19)

0.199

43.8

(SD 25.3)

−0.77

(SD 29)

−6.66

(SD 27)

0.661*

TBI

 No TBI

54.5

(SD 20)

71.8

(SD 17.0)

54.3

(SD 20.6)

17.3

(SD 20)

17.5

(SD 18)

0.503*

55.1

(SD 20.5)

0.57

(SD 20)

−0.22

(SD 19)

0.787*

 TBI

60.5

(SD 21)

74.4

(SD 16.7)

55.8

(SD 22.1)

13.9

(SD 17)

18.6

(SD 17)

0.445*

57.2

(SD 22.2)

−3.37

(SD 19)

−4.75

(SD 18)

0.765*

PTSD symptoms4&

 No PTSD

56.9

(SD 20)

73.7

(SD 16.3)

55.6

(SD 21.1)

16.8

(SD 19)

18.2

(SD 18)

0.495*

56.2

(SD 20.8)

−0.72

(SD 19)

−1.39

(SD 18)

0.774*

 PTSD

51.8

(SD 21)

58.1

(SD 17.7)

44.2

(SD 20.8)

6.2

(SD 22)

13.9

(SD 19)

0.556*

44.5

(SD 21.2)

−7.29

(SD 20)

−7.61

(SD 19)

0.753*

  1. SD standard deviation, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, ISS injury severity score, TBI traumatic brain injury, PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
  2. α ICC corresponds to the correlation between conventional and retrospective change
  3. § ICC corresponds to the correlation between recall bias and response shift
  4. $Patients who completed the EQ-5D at 1 week and 3 months and the then-test and recall-test for 1 week at 3 months after sustaining an injury
  5. &PTSD symptoms measured with the Impact of Event Scale (IES) 3 months post-injury
  6. 110 missing values, 210 missing values, 32 missing values, 458 missing values
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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