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Table 2 Comparison of scores for dimensions on the LEIPAD scale according to the characteristics of the participants

From: Health-related quality of life among community-dwelling people aged 80 years and over: a cross-sectional study in France

 

Physical Function

Self-Care

Depression and Anxiety

Cognitive Functioning

Social Functioning

Sexual Functioning

Life Satisfaction

Total

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–22.2)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

Gender

 Male

26.7 (13.3–40.0)

0 (0–5.6)

0 (0–16.7)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

83.3 (66.7–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

 Female

33.3 (26.7–53.3)

11.1 (0–27.8)

16.7 (0–25.0)

20.0 (13.3–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (27.8–44.4)

p-value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0018

0.3122

0.5249

< 0.0001

0.3153

Age (years)

 r

0.25

0.28

0.15

0.13

0.13

0.16

0.10

p-value

0.0010

0.0002

0.0515

0.0902

0.0778

0.0394

0.1884

Marital status

 Never married, widowed, divorced

33.3 (26.7–53.3)

5.6 (0–27.8)

16.7 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (100–100)

33.3 (27.8–44.4)

 Married or with a partner

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

83.3 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.0755

0.1331

0.3615

0.4597

0.2758

0.0002

0.0934

Educational level

 Pre-high school

33.3 (20.0–53.3)

5.6 (0–22.2)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (25.0–38.9)

 High school or higher education

26.7 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–11.1)

8.3 (0–16.7)

13.3 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (0–33.3)

83.3 (66.7–100)

33.3 (22.2–44.4)

p-value

0.0700

0.0775

0.4631

0.4462

0.1481

0.0111

0.9059

Living arrangement

 Alone

33.3 (20.0–53.3)

5.6 (0–22.2)

16.7 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (27.8–44.4)

 Not alone

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.2278

0.6906

0.4764

0.5017

0.1645

0.0096

0.0224

Driving a car

 Yes

26.7 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–5.6)

0 (0–16.7)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

 No

40.0 (26.7–60.0)

22.2 (2.8–33.3)

16.7 (0–33.3)

20.0 (13.3–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–44.4)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (27.8–50.0)

p-value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0033

0.0559

0.0174

0.0024

0.0814

Hospital admission during the previous 12 months

 Yes

46.7 (20.0–60.0)

5.6 (0–22.2)

16.7 (0–33.3)

20.0 (6.7–40.0)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

 No

33.3 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

33.3 (22.2–41.7)

p-value

0.0312

0.4275

0.1987

0.5622

0.6219

0.7535

0.6690

Number of health problems

 r

0.50

0.41

0.25

0.21

0.24

0.08

0.30

p-value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0008

0.0050

0.0011

0.2933

< 0.0001

Life events during the previous 12 months

Illness

  Yes

46.7 (33.3–60.0)

11.1 (0–27.8)

16.7 (0–33.3)

20.0 (6.7–40.0)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

33.3 (22.2–44.4)

  No

26.7 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (13.3–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

< 0.0001

0.0030

0.0013

0.1877

0.6222

0.9003

0.4011

Poor health

  Yes

53.3 (40.0–66.7)

22.2 (11.1–44.4)

16.7 (8.3–37.5)

20.0 (13.3–40.0)

33.3 (22.2–55.6)

100 (66.7–100)

38.9 (27.8–55.6)

  No

26.7 (20.0–33.3)

0 (0–5.6)

8.3 (0–16.7)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0134

0.0002

0.8515

0.0003

Daily care of a relative or friend

  Yes

36.7 (26.7–53.3)

11.1 (0–22.2)

16.7 (4.2–41.7)

26.7 (20.0–43.3)

33.3 (11.1–50.0)

100 (83.3–100)

38.9 (27.8–50.0)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–16.7)

13.3 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.1579

0.2598

0.0048

0.0006

0.1544

0.4544

0.0024

Problem(s) with spouse or partner

  Yes

33.3 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–5.6)

12.5 (0–16.7)

20.0 (20.0–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (27.8–44.4)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–22.2)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.9014

0.1837

0.7097

0.2291

0.4988

0.6643

0.2447

Bereavement

  Yes

33.3 (26.7–53.3)

5.6 (0–22.2)

25.0 (8.3–33.3)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

33.3 (11.1–44.4)

100 (83.3–100)

38.9 (27.8–50.0)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–16.7)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (75.0–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.0245

0.4799

< 0.0001

0.2856

0.0411

0.9075

0.0278

Serious illness of a relative or friend

  Yes

33.3 (26.7–53.3)

0 (0–16.7)

16.7 (0–33.3)

20.0 (10.0–33.3)

22.2 (11.1–44.4)

100 (83.3–100)

38.9 (27.8–50.0)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–16.7)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.1379

0.7422

0.0029

0.1529

0.2481

0.3812

< 0.0001

Problems(s) with offspring

  Yes

40.0 (26.7–60.0)

11.1 (0–33.3)

16.7 (8.3–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–33.3)

33.3 (11.1–44.4)

83.3 (66.7–100)

44.4 (27.8–55.6)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.0352

0.0157

0.0456

0.5022

0.0044

0.2698

0.0054

Relational problem(s) with friends or relatives

  Yes

46.7 (33.3–60.0)

25.0 (11.1–38.9)

20.8 (8.3–50.0)

26.7 (20.0–66.7)

50.0 (44.4–55.6)

100 (83.3–100)

52.8 (27.8–58.3)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

33.3 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.0137

0.0012

0.0305

0.0894

0.0004

0.6544

0.0528

Unsatisfactory environment

  Yes

40.0 (40.0–50.0)

11.1 (5.6–25.0)

16.7 (16.7–33.3)

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

44.4 (33.3–66.7)

100 (83.3–100)

55.6 (50.0–66.7)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (75.0–100)

30.6 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.0108

0.0453

0.0048

0. 0115

0.0002

0.6255

0.0002

Perceived modest income

  Yes

40.0 (26.7–60.0)

11.1 (0–27.8))

16.7 (0–33.3)

26.7 (13.3–46.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

38.9 (27.8–44.4)

  No

26.7 (20.0–40.0)

0 (0–11.1)

8.3 (0–16.7)

13.3 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (66.7–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

< 0.0001

0.0024

0.0002

0.0036

0.0467

0.0667

0.0001

Financial worries

  Yes

40.0 (26.7–53.3)

2.8 (0–22.2)

16.7 (8.3–16.7)

20.0 (13.3–40.0)

22.2 (11.1–44.4)

91.7 (75.0–100)

44.4 (33.3–55.6)

  No

33.3 (20.0–46.7)

0 (0–16.7)

8.3 (0–25.0)

20.0 (6.7–26.7)

22.2 (11.1–33.3)

100 (83.3–100)

27.8 (22.2–38.9)

p-value

0.1597

0.6878

0.1492

0.1479

0.2374

0.8699

0.0003

  1. High scores indicate a poorer quality of life
  2. For age and number of health problems, Spearman’s correlation coefficients are given. For sex, marital status, educational level, driving a car, hospital admission and life events during the previous 12 months, medians (interquartile range) are given. Statistical significance (p-value< 0.0073) is shown in bold type