| Model | Homogeneity | Differential Item Functioning by sex | Differential Item Functioning by education |
---|---|---|---|---|
PSS-14 | RM | χ2(55) = 3828.3, p < 0.001 | χ2(55) = 575.1, p < 0.001 | χ2(55) = 320.9, p < 0.001 |
Perceived Stress | RM | χ2(27) = 1409.7, p < 0.001 | χ2(27) = 177.8, p < 0.001 | χ2(27) = 82.2, p < 0.001 |
GLLRM | χ2(96) = 94.4, p = 0.440 | χ2(80) = 111.8, p = 0.012 | χ2(88) = 104.1, p = 0.080 | |
Perceived Control | RM | χ2(27) = 713.4, p < 0.001 | χ2(27) = 197.2, p < 0.001 | χ2(27) = 104.1, p < 0.001 |
GLLRM | χ2(55) = 62.5, p = 0.224 | χ2(39) = 39.0, p = 0.469 | χ2(47) = 70.9, p = 0.014 |