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Table 4 The Direct, Indirect and Total effect of socio-demographical, clinical and Behavioral factor on HRQoL domains among of adults with DM attending at AHMC, 2019

From: Heath related quality of life and associated factors among adults with and without diabetes in Adama city East Shewa, Ethiopia 2019; using generalized structural equation modeling

Variables (effect measure is β)

Diabetic (n = 359)

Direct effect (95% CI)

Indirect effect (95% CI)

Total effect (95% CI)

DV: Physical health

 Fasting blood sugar

− 0.08[− 0.11 to − 0.47]

–

–

 Depression

− 1.43[− 1.96 to − 0.89]

–

–

 DM complication

  No

0

0

0

  Yes

−7.42[− 10.15 to − 4.69]

–

–

 Medication Adherence

  High

0

0

0

  Medium

− 0.83[− 3.50 to 1.84]

–

 

  Low

− 2.95[− 5.65 to − 0.26]

−0.98[− 10.13 to − 0.33]

− 3.93[− 15.78 to − 0.59]

 Diabetic self-care activity

  Poor

0

0

0

  Good

4.95[2.66–7.25]

0.93 [1.81 to 2.15]

5.88[4.47 to 9.40]

DV: Psychological health

 Residence

  Urban

0

0

0

  Rural

−3.28[− 5.58 to −0.98]

–

–

  Fasting blood sugar

−0.06[− 0.09 to − 0.04]

–

–

  Depression

− 1.09[−1.47 to − 0.70]

–

–

 DM complication

  No

0

0

0

  Yes

−2.63[− 4.62 to −0.63]

–

–

DV: Social relation

 Residence

  Urban

0

0

0

  Rural

−10.51[−15.80 to −5.22]

–

–

  Depression

−1.88[−2.66 to − 1.11]

–

–

 Diabetic self-care activity

  Poor

0

0

0

  Good

5.12[1.29–8.96]

–

–

DV: Environmental health

 Age

−0.10[−0.17 to −0.03]

–

–

 Residence

  Urban

0

0

0

  Rural

−3.13[−5.28 to −0.98]

–

–

 Marital status

  Single

0

0

0

  Married

4.47[1.76–7.17]

–

–

  Separated

3.76[−0.55 to 8.07]

–

–

  Divorced

8.29[3.44–13.10]

–

–

  Widowed

3.24[−0.37 to 6.86]

  

DV: Environmental health

 Depression

−1.10[−1.47 to −0.74]

–

–

 Fasting blood sugar

−0.04[− 0.06 to − 0.01]

–

–

 Medication Adherence

  High

0

0

0

  Medium

−1.80[−3.60 to −0.01]

–

–

  Low

−2.69 [−4.52 to − 0.86]

−0.49[− 0.22 to − 0.17]

−3.18[− 4.74 to − 1.03]

 Diabetic self-care activity

  Poor

0

0

0

  Good

3.18[1.62–4.73]

0.47[0.04 to 1.17]

3.65[1.56 to 5.90]

DV: Fasting blood sugar

 Medication Adherence

  High

0

0

0

  Medium

1.40[−8.29 to 11.10]

–

–

  Low

12.22[2.90 to 21.56]

–

–

 Diabetic self-care activity

  Poor

0

0

0

  Good

−11.68[−19.54 to −3.83]

–

–

  1. DV dependent variable, CI confidence interval