Health related quality of life associated with extreme obesity in adolescents – results from the baseline evaluation of the YES-study

Felix, J.; Stark, R.; Teuner, C.; Leidl, R.; Lennerz, B.; Brandt, S.; von Schnurbein, J.; Moss, A.; Bollow, E.; Sergeyev, E.; Mühlig, Y.; Wiegand, S.; Holl, R. W.; Reinehr, T.; Kiess, W.; Scherag, A.; Hebebrand, J.; Wabitsch, M.; Holle, R.

doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01309-z

Table 3 Linear regression analysis of the association of obesity grade with continuous measures of quality of life using two models

	EQ-VAS	DCGM-31	KINDL^R
	Estimate [95% CI]	Estimate [95% CI]	Estimate [95% CI]
Model A^e
Obesity grade
I	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
II	−3.91 [− 10.05; 2.22]	− 5.05 [− 9.88; − 0.24]	− 2.70 [− 7.58; 2.13]
III	− 4.23 [− 10.47; 2.00]	− 9.70 [− 14.69; − 4.70]	−6.59 [− 11.63; − 1.55]
Age	−1.45 [− 2.84; − 0.05]	−0.87 [− 1.97; 0.24]	−0.22 [− 1.43; 0.99]
Gender (female)	0.29 [−4.56; 5.14]	− 8.11 [− 11.91; − 4.31]	−9.57 [− 13.47; − 5.67]
Model B^e
Obesity grade
I	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
II	−3.11 [− 10.23; 4.01]	− 6.48 [− 11.88; − 1.08]	− 2.41 [− 8.32; 3.51]
III	−4.59 [− 12.00; 2.82]	−9.65 [− 15.47; − 3.83]	−5.45 [− 11.66; 0.77]
Age	−1.54 [− 3.33; 0.25]	− 0.43 [− 1.88; 1.01]	−0.003 [− 1.67; 1.68]
Gender (female)	1.58 [− 4.17; 7.34]	−9.37 [− 13.76; − 4.98]	−9.37 [− 14.17; − 4.56]
Pretreatment status
No pretreatment	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Inpatient	− 0.21 [− 7.11; 6.69]	−3.89 [−9.19; 1.42]	− 2.06 [− 7.75; 3.64]
Outpatient	1.86 [− 5.50; 9.22]	1.34 [−4.45; 7.12]	3.89 [− 2.20; 9.99]
Comorbidities (yes)^a	−1.47 [− 7.70; 4.75]	−1.23 [− 6.00; 3.54]	1.75 [− 3.41; 6.92]
Physical activity (yes)^b	5.64 [− 0.39; 11.68]	5.24 [0.54; 9.95]	4.32 [−0.77; 9.42]
Parental education^c
low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
medium	0.65 [−6.42; 7.72]	1.56 [−4.13; 7.25]	1.78 [−4.21; 7.78]
high	8.52 [1.08; 15.95]	3.25 [−2.64; 9.15]	5.76 [−0.55; 12.08]
Migration background^d	−4.17 [− 10.23; 1.90]	−0.75 [− 5.59; 4.08]	− 2.97 [− 8.14; 2.21]
Screen time (> 4 h)	−4.13 [− 10.20; 1.93]	−5.65 [− 10.38; − 0.92]	−5.66 [− 10.75; − 0.57]

^a hypertension, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia
^b based on answers to the question “Do you exercise regularly?”;
^c low education: ≤9 years; medium education: 10–11 years; high education: ≥12 years
^d at least one parent born abroad and/or foreign citizen status
^e Both models were additionally adjusted for study centers
Note: Values in bold are significant at p < 0.05; Obesity Grade definitions: I: BMI 30 to 34.9 kg/m²; II: BMI 35 to 39.9 kg/m²; III: BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²; DCGM-31: DISABKIDS chronic generic module;

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