Assessment of the psychometric properties and refinement of the Health and Self-Management in Diabetes Questionnaire (HASMID)

Table 3 Summary of questionnaire items

	T1DM (n = 795)				T2DM (n = 1989)				Difference in means between groups	Effect size using Cohen’s d	Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p value)	Statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)
	Mean Item Score	(SD)	Floor (%)	Ceiling (%)	Mean Item Score	(SD)	Floor (%)	Ceiling (%)	Difference in means between groups	Effect size using Cohen’s d	Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p value)
Temper	2.22	0.75	8.05	11.19	1.99	0.74	5.58	21.92	0.22	0.30	< 0.001	< 0.001
Irritable	2.23	0.59	4.65	3.90	2.08	0.57	3.47	9.30	0.15	0.25	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hypo	2.26	0.92	13.22	19.27	1.47	0.71	2.72	62.61	0.79	1.03	< 0.001	< 0.001
Tired	2.87	0.84	27.80	1.38	2.68	0.84	21.64	2.67	0.19	0.22	< 0.001	< 0.001
Tied meal times	2.01	0.96	8.05	37.86	1.86	0.92	4.84	45.39	0.15	0.16	< 0.001	< 0.001
Affects meal times	2.11	0.87	8.93	23.40	1.69	0.82	4.13	49.65	0.42	0.50	< 0.001	< 0.001
Control	1.98	0.86	6.67	31.45	1.79	0.81	4.38	40.76	0.19	0.23	< 0.001	< 0.001
Daily routine	2.34	0.90	14.47	14.72	1.67	0.79	4.08	48.41	0.66	0.81	< 0.001	< 0.001
Social activities	1.83	0.80	4.28	36.98	1.52	0.74	3.17	59.49	0.31	0.41	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hassle	2.59	0.86	18.24	7.04	1.84	0.79	4.03	36.44	0.75	0.92	< 0.001	< 0.001
Problem	2.23	0.73	8.30	9.18	1.77	0.70	3.17	35.90	0.47	0.66	< 0.001	< 0.001
Stressful	2.48	0.87	14.72	10.31	1.84	0.78	4.03	35.58	0.64	0.79	< 0.001	< 0.001
Support	2.40	0.81	6.67	14.09	2.16	0.89	6.25	26.68	0.24	0.28	< 0.001	< 0.001

Response items were coded never = 1; sometimes = 2; usually = 3; and always = 4. A greater item score indicates a greater deterioration in QoL

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