The associations between psychological distress and health-related quality of life in patients with non-cardiac chest pain

Table 3 The independent relationship between psychological distress and health-related quality of life shown by multiple linear regression analysis

Health-related quality of life, EQ-5D VAS
	All patients (N = 552)^a		No history of cardiac disease (n = 360)^b		History of cardiac disease (n = 188)^c
Explanatory variables	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value
Model 1
Age	0.149	0.001	0.168	0.004	0.114	0.098
Sex	−0.007	0.854	0.025	0.611	−0.051	0.440
Education level	0.023	0.570	0.069	0.168	− 0.039	0.545
Marital status	−0.058	0.140	−0.030	0.541	−0.091	0.165
Work status	0.113	0.015	0.124	0.035	0.130	0.066
Number of healthcare visits	−0.178	< 0.001	−0.117	0.019	−0.272	< 0.001
Multi-morbidity	−0.347	< 0.001	−0.363	< 0.001	− 0.314	< 0.001
Model 2
Age	0.030	0.451	0.085	0.106	−0.013	0.814
Sex	0.036	0.286	0.064	0.149	−0.008	0.887
Education level	−0.013	0.715	0.029	0.506	−0.066	0.217
Marital status	−0.033	0.322	0.016	0.710	−0.110	0.042
Work status	−0.068	0.088	0.102	0.049	0.071	0.223
Number of healthcare visits	−0.008	0.843	0.013	0.777	−0.002	0.976
Multi-morbidity	−0.056	0.173	−0.144	0.004	0.072	0.295
Cardiac anxiety	−0.187	< 0.001	−0.229	< 0.001	− 0.156	0.050
Depressive symptoms	−0.245	< 0.001	−0.193	0.001	−0.339	< 0.001
Fear of body sensations	0.000	0.994	0.056	0.278	−0.077	0.363
Somatization	−0.284	< 0.001	−0.258	< 0.001	− 0.320	< 0.001

Model 1: ^aR² = 0.221, F = 21.5, p-value< 0.001; ^bR² = 0.186, F = 11.3, p-value< 0.001; ^cR² = 0.302, F = 10.9, p-value< 0.001
Model 2: ^aR² = 0.434, F = 36.8, p-value< 0.001; ^bR² = 0.387, F = 19.6, p-value< 0.001; ^cR² = 0.557, F = 19.6, p-value< 0.001

ISSN: 1477-7525