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Table 5 Construct validity; differences in the Nor-SWAL-QOL between oropharyngeal dysphagia and control group scores on Symptom frequency battery

From: Cultural adaptation and validation of the Norwegian version of the swallowing quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL)

Nor-SWAL-QOL

OD group (n = 102)

Control group (n = 123

Mann Whitney U Sign. (two-tailed)

Effect size r

Symptom frequency battery

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Coughing

2.24 (1.0)

4.75 (0.5)

p < 0.001

0.85

Choke on food

3.50 (1.2)

4.96 (0.2)

p < 0.001

0.72

Choke on liquids

3.61 (1.2)

4.98 (0.1)

p < 0.001

0.69

Thick saliva, phlegm

2.56 (1.3)

4.76 (0.7)

p < 0.001

0.73

Gagging

3.72 (1.1)

4.94 (0.3)

p < 0.001

0.68

Drooling

3.41 (1.4)

4.92 (0.3)

p < 0.001

0.66

Problems chewing

3.68 (1.5)

4.97 (0.2)

p < 0.001

0.60

Excess saliva, phlegm

2.81 (1.4)

4.90 (0.4)

p < 0.001

0.75

Clear throat

2.47 (1.4)

4.66 (0.6)

p < 0.001

0.79

Food stick in throat

2.94 (1.1)

4.89 (0.4)

p < 0.001

0.80

Food stick in mouth

3.39 (1.3)

4.99 (0.1)

p < 0.001

0.75

Dribble from mouth

3.85 (1.3)

5.00 (0.0)

p < 0.001

0.62

Dribble from nose

4.29 (1.0)

5.00 (0.0)

p < 0.001

0.52

Cough food stuck

2.84 (1.3)

4.93 (0.3)

p < 0.001

0.81