Subgroups | Number of valid cases | Utility | VAS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean ± SD | p-value | mean ± SD | p-value | ||
Level of severity | |||||
GOLD I | 41 | 0.74 ± 0.35 | 0.003 | 59.8 ± 24.4 | 0.040 |
GOLD II | 79 | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 62.4 ± 20.7 | ||
GOLD III | 35 | 0.58 ± 0.31 | 50.0 ± 21.2 | ||
GOLD IV | 5 | 0.48 ± 0.45 | 65.7 ± 30.1 | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 308 | 0.76 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 | 60.5 ± 22.0 | 0.001 |
Female | 78 | 0.58 ± 0.38 | 51.3 ± 20.0 | ||
Age group | |||||
Under 65 | 80 | 0.81 ± 0.22 | 0.023 | 59.3 ± 20.7 | 0.837 |
65 years or older | 306 | 0.70 ± 0.32 | 58.5 ± 22.3 | ||
Total | 386 | 0.72 ± 0.31 | 58.6 ± 21.9 |