Characteristics | Strength and comfort from religion | Petition prayers for health | Intercessory prayers for health | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A great deal (n = 524) | Little/Some (n = 362) | None (n = 153) | Yes (n = 616) | No (n = 423) | Yes (n = 918) | No (n = 121) | |
Socio-demographic | |||||||
 Age (mean, years (sd)) | 63.9 (10.5) | 61.1 (10.6) | 61.0 (11.3) * | 63.2 (10.6) | 61.5 (10.9) * | 62.3 (10.7) | 63.7 (11.0) |
 Age (years, %) | |||||||
  < 55 | 20.8 | 28.2 | 31.4 | 22.7 | 28.1 | 25.6 | 19.8 |
  55–64 | 29.4 | 35.6 | 27.4 | 30.7 | 32.2 | 31.5 | 29.8 |
  ≥ 65 | 49.8 | 36.2 | 41.2 | 46.6 | 39.7 | 42.9 | 50.4 |
 Women (%) *** | 45.4 | 22.9 | 17.0 | 41.9 | 21.0 | 35.5 | 17.4 |
 Married (%) | 58.6 | 68.2 | 61.4* | 61.2 | 64.1 | 62.4 | 62.0 |
 Race/Ethnicity (%) *** | |||||||
  Non-Hispanic Whites | 78.0 | 92.0 | 96.0 | 80.0 | 93.6 | 84.6 | 92.6 |
  Non-Hispanic Blacks | 19.7 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 17.4 | 4.3 | 13.0 | 5.0 |
  Hispanics | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
 Education (≤ high school) (%) | 41.8 | 40.6 | 38.6 | 43.3 | 37.3 | 41.0 | 40.5 |
 Unemployed/retired (%) | 65.3 | 53.9 | 47.1* | 63.6 | 51.3* | 58.6 | 58.7 |
 Uninsured (%) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.6 |
Psychosocial (%) | |||||||
 High perceived stress†| 44.8 | 43.1 | 35.9 | 44.3 | 32.2* | 47.7 | 35.9* |
 Depressive Symptomsb |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  None | 52.5 | 54.7 | 60.8 | 50.8 | 59.8 | 52.9 | 66.1 |
  Mild | 29.0 | 28.4 | 20.3 | 28.4 | 26.2 | 28.7 | 19.0 |
  Moderate | 12.0 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 9.0 | 11.4 | 12.4 |
  Moderately Severe/Severe | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 5.0* | 6.0 | 2.5* |
 Anxiety Symptomsc | |||||||
  None | 55.3 | 56.6 | 62.8 | 53.1 | 62.4 | 55.7 | 66.1 |
  Mild | 20.6 | 22.7 | 18.3 | 20.6 | 21.5 | 21.7 | 15.7 |
  Moderate/Severe | 24.1 | 20.7 | 18.9 | 26.3 | 16.1* | 22.6 | 18.2 |
 Low health literacy | 38.0 | 34.4 | 32.4 | 37.1 | 34.3 | 35.8 | 38.8 |
 Low social support | 4.2 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 9.1* |
 Cognitive impairment d *** | 18.9 | 10.8 | 5.2 | 19.2 | 6.6 | 15.0 | 6.6 |
 Patient Activation Level (%) | |||||||
  1: Disengaged (lowest) | 19.3 | 22.4 | 19.0 | 20.4 | 20.1 | 19.9 | 23.2 |
  2: Aware | 33.6 | 34.2 | 47.7 | 35.1 | 37.1 | 35.6 | 38.0 |
  3: Taking Action | 22.9 | 18.5 | 22.2 | 20.1 | 22.9 | 21.5 | 19.8 |
  4: Maintaining Behaviors | 24.2 | 24.9 | 11.1* | 24.4 | 19.9 | 23.0 | 19.0 |
Behavioral and Clinical | |||||||
 Length of stay, ≥3 days (%) *** | 42.9 | 66.0 | 77.8 | 52.6 | 31.2 | 45.5 | 31.4 |
 Alcohol use (%) *** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No alcohol use | 49.8 | 32.3 | 32.7 | 47.2 | 32.4 | 42.5 | 31.4 |
  Rare/occasional | 32.8 | 40.6 | 39.2 | 33.1 | 41.4 | 36.8 | 33.9 |
  Moderate/heavy | 17.4 | 27.1 | 28.1 | 19.7 | 26.2 | 20.7 | 34.7 |
 Smoking status (%) *** | |||||||
  Non-smoker | 35.7 | 26.5 | 29.4 | 34.9 | 26.7 | 32.7 | 23.1 |
  Prior smoker | 49.4 | 50.8 | 46.4 | 49.2 | 49.9 | 49.7 | 47.9 |
  Current smoker | 14.9 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 15.9 | 23.4 | 17.6 | 29.0 |
 GRACE risk score, mean (SD)e | 99.6 (26.4) | 93.1 (26.3) | 92.3 (26.9) * | 98.2 (26.1) | 93.5 (27.1) * | 96.2 (26.9) | 96.9 (25.6) |
 Co-morbidities at admission (%) | |||||||
  Chronic kidney disease | 11.4 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 13.8 | 8.3 |
  Congestive heart failure | 13.7 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 13.8 | 8.3* | 11.8 | 9.9 |
  Diabetes mellitus | 33.8 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 32.0 | 30.3 | 31.5 | 29.7 |
  Hypertension | 80.0 | 69.6 | 69.3* | 77.9 | 70.2* | 75.4 | 70.2 |
  Stroke | 5.7 | 4.7 | 0.6* | 6.2 | 2.4* | 4.9 | 2.5 |
 Type of ACS (%) | |||||||
  Unstable Angina | 33.4 | 28.2 | 26.8 | 33.3 | 19.4 | 30.6 | 30.6 |
  NSTEMI | 54.6 | 55.5 | 53.4 | 55.4 | 53.9 | 54.8 | 54.5 |
  STEMI | 12.0 | 16.3 | 19.6 | 11.3 | 26.7* | 14.6 | 14.9 |
Reperfusion therapy (%) | |||||||
  Medical treatment | 20.8 | 16.0 | 18.3 | 20.1 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 15.7 |
  PCI | 64.5 | 71.8 | 71.9 | 65.1 | 72.6 | 67.0 | 76.9 |
  CABG | 14.7 | 12.2 | 9.8 | 14.8 | 10.6* | 13.8 | 7.4 |
 Cardiac rehabilitation referral (%) *** | 33.8 | 49.4 | 55.6 | 35.9 | 52.0 | 40.7 | 55.3 |