Table 1 The sequential process to assess longitudinal invariance
Model | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
A | Configural model | The factor structure is the same across waves |
B | Metric model | A + all factor loadings are constrained to be equivalent across waves |
C | Scalar model | B + all item intercepts are constrained to be equivalent across waves |
D | Residual variances model | C + all residual variances of items are constrained to be equivalent across waves |
E | Factor variances model | D + all latent factor variances are constrained to be equivalent across waves |
F | Factor covariances model | E + all covariances among latent factors are constrained to be equivalent across waves |
G | Factor means model | F + all latent factor means are constrained to be equivalent across waves |