Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Table 4 Predicting study outcomes from psychological variables (whole sample)

From: Individual differences and health in chronic pain: are sex-differences relevant?

	Criterion	PF		GH		MH		PS		PI
Block		ΔR ²	β	ΔR ²	β	ΔR ²	β	ΔR ²	β	ΔR ²	β
1	Covariates	.278^*		.123^*		.080^*		.051^*		.443^*
	Age		−0.29^*		−0.08		−0.04		0.17^*		−0.05
	Sex		−0.05		−0.02		0.07		−0.11		0.04
	Pain severity		−0.39^*		−0.29^*		−0.16^*		–		0.68^*
2	Psychological variables	.037^*		.138^*		.362^*		.068		.016
	Personality
	Neuroticism		< 0.01		−0.11		−0.30^*		0.22^*		0.08
	Extraversion		0.02		0.06		0.08		0.05		−0.06
	Openness		0.05		0.05		0.03		−0.01		0.04
	Agreeableness		−0.02		−0.10		0.06		0.06		−0.02
	Conscientiousness		0.12		0.02		−0.07		0.12		−0.02
	Coping
	Positive orientation		0.08		0.11		−0.03		−0.08		0.10
	Negative orientation		−0.01		−0.10		−0.18^*		0.05		0.04
	Rational style		−0.11		−0.07		0.10		0.01		−0.04
	Impulsive style		0.03		0.01		< 0.01		0.17		−0.08
	Avoidant Style		−0.12		−0.03		−0.03		−0.11		0.01
	Beliefs
	Demanding		0.01		0.05		−0.11		0.04		−0.03
	Catastrophizing		−0.01		0.03		−0.05		−0.14		0.11
	Frustration intolerance		0.05		−0.09		−0.03		0.02		−0.12
	Self-downing		−0.06		−0.11		−0.13		0.04		0.08

β = standardized beta from the last step of the regression equation. R² change is adjusted
PF physical functioning, GH general health, MH mental health, PS pain severity, PI pain interference
^*p < .001

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