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Table 2 Regression analyses with sex as a moderator of the relationship between psychological factors and study outcomes (whole sample)

From: Individual differences and health in chronic pain: are sex-differences relevant?

 

Criterion

PF

GH

MH

PS

PI

Model

Predictor

β

ΔR 2

β

ΔR 2

β

ΔR 2

β

ΔR 2

β

ΔR 2

1

N

−0.09

.016

− 0.19

.109*

− 0.65*

.326*

0.18

.023*

0.26

.050*

Sex

0.12

.013

0.04

<.001

0.10

.008

−0.16*

.024*

− 0.07

.003

N*Sex

−0.04

<.001

−0.15

.001

0.10

<.001

−0.04

<.001

−0.04

<.001

2

E

0.09

.011

0.13

.043*

0.34

.080*

−0.22

<.001

−0.32

.005

Sex

0.14

.019

0.09

.006

0.17*

.028*

−0.17*

.026*

−0.09

.007

E* Sex

0.04

<.001

0.09

<.001

−0.05

<.001

0.23

.004

0.24

.004

3

O

0.06

.021

0.15

.015

.017

.006

−0.14

.001

−0.07

<.001

Sex

0.13

.014

0.07

.003

0.16

.022

−0.17*

.027

−0.09

.003

O*Sex

0.09

<.001

−0.02

<.001

−0.09

<.001

0.10

<.001

0.08

<.001

4

A

0.17

<.001

0.25

<.001

0.31

.009

0.14

.002

−0.09

<.001

Sex

0.13

.015

0.07

.003

0.17*

.026*

−0.17*

.027

−0.09

.004

A*Sex

−0.21

.003

−0.31

.008

−0.21

.002

−0.09

<.001

0.07

<.001

5

C

0.24

.020

0.09

.044*

.023

.076*

−0.12

<.001

− 0.21

.001

Sex

0.14

.018

< 0.01

.004

0.16*

.025*

−0.17*

.026*

−0.09

.006

C*Sex

−0.09

<.001

0.55

<.001

0.05

<.001

0.14

<.001

0.16

<.001

6

PPO

0.25

.026*

0.12

.059*

0.28

.048*

−0.17

.001

−0.35

<.001

Sex

0.13

.013

0.06

.001

0.14

.018

−0.17*

.027*

−0.09

.004

PPO*Sex

−0.10

<.001

0.13

<.001

−0.07

<.001

0.14

<.001

0.33

.010

7

NPO

−0.26

.041*

−0.34

.126*

−0.57*

.265*

0.13

.015

0.19

.025*

Sex

0.12

.010

0.03

<.001

0.09

.006

−0.16*

.023*

− 0.07

.003

NPO*Sex

0.07

<.001

−0.02

<.001

0.07

<.001

0.03

<.001

−0.04

<.001

8

RPS

0.05

.005

−0.07

.018

0.21

.037*

−0.26

.001

−0.23

<.001

Sex

0.13

.014

0.05

.001

0.13

.015

−0.18*

.026*

−0.09

.004

RPS*Sex

0.02

<.001

0.22

.003

−0.03

<.001

0.24

.004

0.21

.003

9

AS

−0.30

.034*

−0.30

.047*

−0.54*

.081*

0.17

<.001

0.22

<.001

Sex

0.15

.021*

0.09

.006

0.17*

.028*

−0.17*

.026*

− 0.09

.005

AS*Sex

0.10

<.001

0.08

<.001

0.25

.005

−0.17

.001

−0.18

.002

10

ICS

−0.32

.020

−0.21

.033*

−0.35

.054*

0.36

.018

0.21

.008

Sex

0.14

.018

0.08

.005

0.16*

.024*

−0.18*

.030*

−0.09

.006

ICS*Sex

0.18

.002

0.02

<.001

0.12

<.001

−0.23

.004

−0.12

<.001

11

DEM

−0.25

.006

−0.13

.012

−0.33

.041*

0.17

.002

0.17

.002

Sex

0.13

.015

0.07

.002

.015

.019

−0.17*

.029*

−0.09

.007

Sex*DEM

0.18

.002

0.02

<.001

0.14

<.001

−0.12

<.001

−0.13

.002

12

CAT

−0.15

.013

−0.20

.073*

−0.57*

.219*

0.13

<.001

0.11

.011

Sex

0.13

.014

0.06

.002

0.13

.013

−0.17*

.027*

−0.08

.004

CAT*Sex

0.03

<.001

−0.08

<.001

0.12

<.001

−0.10

<.001

−0.01

<.001

13

LFT

−0.06

.006

−0.12

.086*

−0.59*

.227*

−0.03

.001

0.05

.006

Sex

0.13

.016

0.06

.002

0.13

.016

−0.17*

.027*

−0.08

.005

LFT*Sex

−0.03

<.001

−0.19

.002

0.13

<.001

0.08

<.001

0.04

<.001

14

SD

0.10

.017

−0.11

.096*

− 0.45*

.212*

0.06

.004

0.17

.024*

Sex

0.13

.014

0.05

.001

0.12

.012

−0.17*

.026*

−0.08

.003

SD*Sex

−0.24

.005

−0.21

.003

< 0.01

<.001

< 0.01

<.001

−0.01

<.001

  1. β = standardized beta from the last step of the regression equation. Sex (1 = female; 2 = male). All predictors were centered
  2. N neuroticism, E extraversion, O openness to experience, A agreeableness, C conscientiousness, PPO a positive problem orientation, NPO a negative problem orientation, RPS rational problem solving, ICS impulsive-careless style, AS avoidant style, DEM demandingness, CAT catastrophizing, LFT low frustration tolerance, SD self-downing, PF physical functioning, GH general health, MH mental health, PS pain severity, PI pain interference
  3. *p < .001