From: Individual differences and health in chronic pain: are sex-differences relevant?
 | Women n = 292 | Men n = 173 | t | d |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 59.85 (14.30) | 56.08 (15.78) | 2.58 | 0.25 |
Pain characteristics | ||||
 Pain intensity | 7.96 (1.59) | 7.35 (1.78) | 3.70* | 0.36 |
 Pain interference | 8.18 (1.62) | 7.88 (1.78) | 1.86 | 0.18 |
Health status | ||||
 Physical functioning | 30.55 (23.78) | 37.40 (24.56) | − 2.96 | 0.28 |
 General health | 34.19 (19.42) | 37.25 (19.97) | −1.63 | 0.16 |
 Mental health | 47.63 (21.05) | 55.07 (20.93) | −3.69* | 0.35 |
Personality | ||||
 Neuroticism | 25.33 (8.87) | 23.54 (9.09) | 2.09 | 0.20 |
 Extraversion | 26.59 (8.11) | 25.71 (7.84) | 1.15 | 0.11 |
 Openness | 22.95 (6.75) | 23.67 (6.72) | −1.11 | 0.11 |
 Agreeableness | 32.24 (5.91) | 31.30 (6.29) | 1.61 | 0.15 |
 Conscientiousness | 31.24 (7.39) | 30.96 (6.93) | 0.40 | 0.04 |
Coping | ||||
 Positive orientation | 9.46 (3.85) | 10.06 (3.93) | −1.62 | 0.15 |
 Negative orientation | 8.07 (4.55) | 6.94 (4.95) | 2.60 | 0.24 |
 Rational style | 9.11 (4.06) | 10.34 (4.24) | −3.11 | 0.30 |
 Impulsive style | 5.80 (4.31) | 6.11 (4.41) | −0.75 | 0.07 |
 Avoidant style | 3.40 (4.04) | 3.98 (4.24) | −1.46 | 0.14 |
Beliefs | ||||
 Demanding | 17.50 (3.80) | 17.06 (3.72) | 1.22 | 0.12 |
 Catastrophizing | 12.18 (6.27) | 11.36 (6.06) | 1.38 | 0.13 |
 Frustration intolerance | 12.51 (5.72) | 12.02 (5.65) | 0.90 | 0.09 |
 Self-downing | 6.87 (5.57) | 6.13 (5.06) | 1.43 | 0.14 |