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Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression estimates of odds ratios of being overweight (Model 4) and the mediating effect of lifestyle choice on being overweight (Model 5)
| Variable | Model 4a | Model 4b |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Fixed part | ||
| Independent variable | ||
| Logarithm of neighbourhood population density | 1.062*** (1.019–1.108) | 1.027**(1.013–1.073) |
| Individual-level attributes | ||
| Logarithm of time spent on physical exercise | 0.903*** (0.858–0.950) | 0.901***(0.856–0.949) |
| Motorized traveller (ref: non-motorized traveller) | 3.599*** (2.833–4.571) | 2.667***(2.048–3.472) |
| Male (ref: female) | 0.921 (0.775–1.093) | 0.924 (0.777–1.098) |
| Age | 0.971*** (0.964–0.978) | 0.970***(0.963–0.977) |
| Married (ref: single, divorced, or widowed) | 1.220+ (1.000–1.488) | 1.218*(0.998–1.487) |
| Education (ref: ≤ primary school) | ||
| Junior high school | 1.070 (0.911–1.256) | 1.041 (0.886–1.223) |
| ≥ Senior high school | 1.001 (0.802–1.247) | 0.881 (0.702–1.107) |
| Living in an urban area (ref: rural) | 1.524*** (1.285–1.808) | 1.504***(1.266–1.786) |
| Having meals ≤ three times a day (ref: meals > three times a day) | 1.133 (0.933–1.376) | 1.157 (0.952–1.406) |
| Smoker (ref: non-smoker) | 0.741*** (0.626–0.877) | 0.741***(0.626–0.878) |
| Drinking (ref: non-drinker) | 0.871* (0.751–1.009) | 0.867*(0.747–1.006) |
| Having medical insurance (ref: no) | 0.943 (0.741–1.200) | 0.941 (0.738–1.199) |
| Having a physical disease (ref: no) | 1.751*** (1.538–1.993) | 1.759***(1.545–2.004) |
| Logarithm of household income per capita | 1.004 (0.978–1.030) | 1.005 (0.979–1.031) |
| Neighbourhood-level attributes | ||
| Logarithm of neighbourhood income per capita | 0.993 (0.959–1.027) | 0.991 (0.957–1.027) |
| Neighbourhood sports facilities (ref: no) | 0.741** (0.582–0.944) | 0.737**(0.578–0.941) |
| Neighbourhood sports groups (ref: no) | 1.154 (0.908–1.466) | 1.172 (0.920–1.494) |
| Cross-level interaction | ||
| Logarithm of neighbourhood population density × Logarithm of time spent on physical exercise | 1.001 (0.973–1.031) | |
| Logarithm of neighbourhood population density × Motorized traveller (ref: non-motorized traveller) | 1.476***(1.296–1.682) | |
| Constant | 2.016* (0.988–4.116) | 2.641***(1.280–5.448) |
| Random part | ||
| Variable (constant) | 0.129*** | 0.133*** |
| Number of individuals | 5285 | 5285 |
| Number of neighbourhoods | 405 | 405 |
| AIC | 6627.554 | 6591.104 |
| Log likelihood | − 3293.777 | − 3273.552 |
