Table 2 Parent-reported health-related quality of life scores stratified by the presence/absence of strabismus (age 3–17 years). Data from the KiGGS Study 2003–2006
Health-related quality of life domain | No strabismus N = 12,245 | Strabismus N = 567 | Cohen’s d | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total scale | 77.2 ± 0.12 | 75.3 ± 0.43 | −0.15 | < 0.001 |
Physical well-being | 77.8 ± 0.24 | 75.6 ± 0.82 | −0.14 | 0.007 |
Emotional well-being | 81.2 ± 0.14 | 79.7 ± 0.59 | −0.09 | 0.016 |
Self-esteem | 70.0 ± 0.16 | 67.9 ± 0.68 | −0.12 | 0.003 |
Family | 78.5 ± 0.15 | 77.5 ± 0.57 | −0.06 | 0.08 |
Friends | 78.3 ± 0.15 | 75.3 ± 0.71 | −0.18 | < 0.001 |
School | 77.4 ± 0.19 | 75.8 ± 0.83 | −0.08 | 0.07 |