Table 1 Translation process, employed in the current study

Step 1:

Initial Translation

- two translations (FT1 &FT2)

- into target language

- informed + uniformed translator

Written report for each version

(FT1 & FT2)

Step 10: submission and appraisal of all written reports by developer

Step 2:

1st Synthesis

- synthesize FT1 & FT2 into FT-12

- resolve discrepancies with translators’ reports

Written report

Step 3:

1st Back Translation

- two English first-language

- naïve to outcome measurement

- work from FT-12 version

- create 2 back translations FBT1 & FBT2

Written report for each version

(FBT1 & FBT2)

Step 4:

2nd Translation

- two NEW translations (ST1 & ST2)

- into target language

- informed + uniformed translator

Written report for each version

(ST1 & ST2)

Step 5:

2nd Synthesis

- synthesize ST1 & ST2 into ST-12

- resolve discrepancies with translators’ reports

Written report

Step 6:

2nd Back Translation

- two NEW English first-language

- naïve to outcome measurement

- work from ST-12 version

- create 2 back translations SBT1 & SBT2

Written report for each version

(SBT1 & SBT2)

Step 7:

Expert committee review

- methodologist, developer, language professional, translators

- review all reports

- reach consensus on discrepancies

- produce pre-final version

Written report

Step 8: Pretesting

- cognitive debriefing

- probe to get at understanding of item/paraphrasing

Written report

Step 9:

Independent committee review

-inviting public officers and social care practitioners

-review the results of the cognitive debriefing to refine the pre-final version

Written report