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Table 4 Tobit regression model of Factors associated with overall SF-6D utility score

From: SF-6D utility scores of smokers and ex-smokers with or without respiratory symptoms attending primary care clinics

Factor

Coefficient

95% CI

P-value

Sociodemographic

 Age in yeara

−0.001

(− 0.002,0.001)

0.289

 Male

0.037

(0.006,0.069)

0.019

Education (University or above)

 Primary or below

0.022

(−0.012,0.057)

0.206

 Middle School

0.037

(0.002,0.073)

0.039

 High School

0.039

(0.002,0.075)

0.037

Occupation (Others)

 Retired

−0.006

(−0.035,0.022)

0.665

 Working

0.018

(−0.007,0.042)

0.153

 Current smoker

−0.006

(−0.023,0.012)

0.516

 Years since first smoking

−0.001

(−0.002,0.001)

0.348

Cigarettes per day (Heavy)

 Light

0.013

(−0.009,0.034)

0.257

 Moderate

0.001

(−0.017,0.019)

0.936

Clinical

 Underweight or normal, BMI < 23 kg/m2

−0.003

(−0.021,0.014)

0.718

 Number of chronic diseases

0.004

(−0.006,0.014)

0.450

 Pulmonary Symptoms in BCSS scorea

− 0.018

(−0.025,-0.011)

< 0.001

 Airway obstruction

0.010

(−0.013,0.032)

0.393

  1. BMI body mass index, BCSS Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CI confidence interval
  2. aNegative coefficients indicated the increase in one unit of independent variable was associated with decrease in SF-6D score