Independent variable | Utility index | VAS scores | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | p | 95%CI | Effect sizes | β | SE | p | 95%CI | Effect sizes | |||
Gender (Male as reference) | ||||||||||||
Female | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.311 | −0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | −0.55 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | − 0.66 | − 0.44 | −0.04 |
Age (< 45 years as reference) | ||||||||||||
45~64 | −0.11 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.11 | − 0.10 | −1.92 | −7.01 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | −7.11 | −6.91 | − 0.51 |
65~ | −0.21 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.21 | − 0.21 | −3.74 | − 13.59 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | − 13.75 | − 13.43 | − 0.99 |
Smoking (Yes as reference) | ||||||||||||
No | − 0.02 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | − 0.02 | − 0.01 | − 0.28 | − 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.006 | − 0.30 | − 0.05 | − 0.01 |
Drinking (Yes as reference) | ||||||||||||
No | − 0.02 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | − 0.03 | − 0.02 | − 0.40 | −0.95 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | − 1.08 | − 0.83 | − 0.07 |
Regular physical activity (Yes as reference) | ||||||||||||
No | −0.02 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.03 | −0.02 | − 0.43 | −0.50 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | −0.62 | − 0.39 | − 0.04 |
Educational attainment (Illiterate as reference) | ||||||||||||
Primary school | 0.03 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 2.39 | 0.09 | < 0.001 | 2.21 | 2.56 | 0.17 |
Junior middle school | 0.07 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 1.16 | 4.46 | 0.09 | < 0.001 | 4.29 | 4.64 | 0.33 |
Senior middle school | 0.08 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 1.44 | 5.11 | 0.10 | < 0.001 | 4.91 | 5.31 | 0.37 |
University/college or above | 0.09 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 1.68 | 5.25 | 0.12 | < 0.001 | 5.02 | 5.48 | 0.38 |
Household income ranking in local (< 20% as reference) | ||||||||||||
20%- | 0.03 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.50 | 1.69 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 1.54 | 1.85 | 0.12 |
40%- | 0.04 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 2.36 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 2.21 | 2.51 | 0.17 |
60%- | 0.05 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 2.78 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 2.63 | 2.93 | 0.20 |
Highest (≥80%) | 0.05 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.86 | 3.22 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 3.07 | 3.37 | 0.23 |
Residency (Urban as reference) | ||||||||||||
Rural | 0.01 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 1.54 | 1.76 | 0.12 |
Region (Eastern as reference) | ||||||||||||
Central | −0.02 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.31 | −1.73 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | −1.84 | −1.62 | −0.13 |
Western | −0.03 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.56 | −2.71 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | −2.82 | −2.61 | − 0.20 |
Year (2008 as reference) | ||||||||||||
2013 | −0.01 | 0.00 | < 0.001 | −0.01 | −0.01 | − 0.20 | 1.61 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | 1.70 | 0.12 |