Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys

Yao, Qiang; Liu, Chaojie; Zhang, Yaoguang; Xu, Ling

doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1109-x

Table 5 Multiple linear and Tobit regression analyses on the health utility index and VAS scores

From: Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys

Independent variable	Utility index						VAS scores
Independent variable	β	SE	p	95%CI		Effect sizes	β	SE	p	95%CI		Effect sizes
Gender (Male as reference)
Female	0.00	0.00	0.311	−0.00	0.00	0.03	−0.55	0.06	< 0.001	− 0.66	− 0.44	−0.04
Age (< 45 years as reference)
45~64	−0.11	0.00	< 0.001	−0.11	− 0.10	−1.92	−7.01	0.05	< 0.001	−7.11	−6.91	− 0.51
65~	−0.21	0.00	< 0.001	−0.21	− 0.21	−3.74	− 13.59	0.08	< 0.001	− 13.75	− 13.43	− 0.99
Smoking (Yes as reference)
No	− 0.02	0.00	< 0.001	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.28	− 0.18	0.06	0.006	− 0.30	− 0.05	− 0.01
Drinking (Yes as reference)
No	− 0.02	0.00	< 0.001	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.40	−0.95	0.06	< 0.001	− 1.08	− 0.83	− 0.07
Regular physical activity (Yes as reference)
No	−0.02	0.00	< 0.001	−0.03	−0.02	− 0.43	−0.50	0.06	< 0.001	−0.62	− 0.39	− 0.04
Educational attainment (Illiterate as reference)
Primary school	0.03	0.00	< 0.001	0.03	0.04	0.61	2.39	0.09	< 0.001	2.21	2.56	0.17
Junior middle school	0.07	0.00	< 0.001	0.06	0.07	1.16	4.46	0.09	< 0.001	4.29	4.64	0.33
Senior middle school	0.08	0.00	< 0.001	0.08	0.09	1.44	5.11	0.10	< 0.001	4.91	5.31	0.37
University/college or above	0.09	0.00	< 0.001	0.09	0.10	1.68	5.25	0.12	< 0.001	5.02	5.48	0.38
Household income ranking in local (< 20% as reference)
20%-	0.03	0.00	< 0.001	0.02	0.03	0.50	1.69	0.08	< 0.001	1.54	1.85	0.12
40%-	0.04	0.00	< 0.001	0.04	0.04	0.69	2.36	0.08	< 0.001	2.21	2.51	0.17
60%-	0.05	0.00	< 0.001	0.04	0.05	0.84	2.78	0.08	< 0.001	2.63	2.93	0.20
Highest (≥80%)	0.05	0.00	< 0.001	0.04	0.05	0.86	3.22	0.08	< 0.001	3.07	3.37	0.23
Residency (Urban as reference)
Rural	0.01	0.00	< 0.001	0.01	0.02	0.26	1.65	0.05	< 0.001	1.54	1.76	0.12
Region (Eastern as reference)
Central	−0.02	0.00	< 0.001	−0.02	−0.01	−0.31	−1.73	0.06	< 0.001	−1.84	−1.62	−0.13
Western	−0.03	0.00	< 0.001	−0.03	− 0.03	− 0.56	−2.71	0.05	< 0.001	−2.82	−2.61	− 0.20
Year (2008 as reference)
2013	−0.01	0.00	< 0.001	−0.01	−0.01	− 0.20	1.61	0.05	< 0.001	1.51	1.70	0.12

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