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Table 4 Multiple logistic regression analyses on reported health problems

From: Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys

Independent variable Mobility Self-care Usual activity Pain/discomfort Anxiety/depression
AOR 95%CI AOR 95%CI AOR 95%CI AOR 95%CI AOR 95%CI
Gender (Male as reference)
 Female 0.77** 0.74 0.80 0.69** 0.65 0.72 0.71** 0.68 0.74 1.18** 1.14 1.21 1.05* 1.01 1.10
Age (< 45 years as reference)
 45~64 4.14** 3.90 4.40 3.57** 3.30 3.87 3.62** 3.39 3.86 3.71** 3.58 3.85 2.37** 2.27 2.48
 65~ 15.95** 14.97 17.00 14.49** 13.33 15.74 13.89** 12.98 14.86 7.98** 7.66 8.31 4.00** 3.80 4.21
Smoking (Yes as reference)
 No 1.35** 1.29 1.42 1.51** 1.42 1.61 1.45** 1.37 1.52 1.08** 1.05 1.12 1.10** 1.05 1.15
Drinking (Yes as reference)
 No 1.60** 1.52 1.69 2.21** 2.05 2.38 1.98** 1.87 2.10 1.14** 1.10 1.18 1.29** 1.23 1.36
Regular physical activity (Yes as reference)
 No 1.61** 1.53 1.69 1.96** 1.83 2.09 1.74** 1.65 1.83 1.12** 1.09 1.16 1.30** 1.24 1.36
Educational attainment (Illiterate as reference)
 Primary school 0.72** 0.69 0.75 0.67** 0.64 0.71 0.66** 0.63 0.69 0.79** 0.76 0.81 0.69** 0.66 0.72
 Junior middle school 0.55** 0.52 0.58 0.52** 0.48 0.55 0.49** 0.47 0.52 0.57** 0.55 0.59 0.55** 0.52 0.58
 Senior middle school 0.46** 0.43 0.49 0.43** 0.40 0.48 0.41** 0.38 0.45 0.48** 0.46 0.51 0.48** 0.45 0.51
 University/college or above 0.35** 0.32 0.39 0.34** 0.29 0.39 0.31** 0.27 0.35 0.41** 0.38 0.44 0.44** 0.40 0.49
Household income ranking in local (< 20% as reference)
 20%- 0.76** 0.73 0.80 0.77** 0.73 0.82 0.74** 0.71 0.78 0.80** 0.77 0.83 0.74** 0.71 0.78
 40%- 0.69** 0.66 0.73 0.72** 0.67 0.76 0.67** 0.64 0.71 0.75** 0.72 0.78 0.65** 0.62 0.68
 60%- 0.63** 0.60 0.66 0.65** 0.61 0.70 0.63** 0.59 0.66 0.68** 0.66 0.71 0.58** 0.55 0.61
 Highest (≥80%) 0.63** 0.60 0.66 0.68** 0.64 0.73 0.63** 0.60 0.67 0.67** 0.65 0.70 0.57** 0.54 0.60
Residency (Urban as reference)
 Rural 0.84** 0.80 0.87 0.87** 0.83 0.92 0.91** 0.87 0.95 0.93** 0.90 0.96 0.96* 0.92 1.00
Region (Eastern as reference)
 Central 1.17** 1.13 1.22 1.20** 1.14 1.27 1.17** 1.12 1.23 1.23** 1.19 1.27 1.26** 1.21 1.32
 Western 1.29** 1.24 1.34 1.29** 1.22 1.35 1.34** 1.29 1.40 1.35** 1.31 1.39 1.75** 1.68 1.81
Year (2008 as reference)
 2013 1.07** 1.04 1.11 0.90** 0.86 0.94 0.92** 0.89 0.96 1.34** 1.31 1.38 0.80** 0.77 0.83
  1. * p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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