Table 3 Reported problems, health utility index and VAS scores stratified by independent variables
Variables | Mobility | Self-care | Usual activities | Pain/discomfort | Anxiety/depression | Mean Utility index (SD) | Mean VAS scores (SD) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | |||||
Gender | ||||||||||||||||||
male | 4.9 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 0.986 | (0.058) | 0.986 | (0.056) | 80.9 | (13.8) | 81.6 | (13.5) |
female | 5.4 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 10.4 | 14.1 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 0.985 | (0.059) | 0.984 | (0.056) | 79.4 | (14.2) | 80.3 | (13.9) |
Age | ||||||||||||||||||
15~44 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.996 | (0.029) | 0.986 | (0.029) | 85.4 | (11.3) | 86.9 | (10.4) |
45~64 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 11.4 | 14.0 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 0.985 | (0.057) | 0.986 | (0.050) | 77.5 | (13.7) | 79.3 | (13.3) |
65~ | 18.5 | 19.0 | 12.5 | 10.4 | 17.5 | 15.3 | 24.2 | 28.7 | 14.7 | 10.5 | 0.953 | (0.105) | 0.956 | (0.099) | 69.2 | (15.0) | 71.7 | (14.9) |
Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 4.2 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 8.2 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 0.988 | (0.049) | 0.988 | (0.045) | 80.6 | (13.4) | 81.6 | (13.0) |
No | 5.5 | 6.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 9.6 | 13.2 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 0.984 | (0.061) | 0.984 | (0.060) | 80.0 | (14.2) | 80.7 | (14.0) |
Drinking status | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 3.3 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 0.991 | (0.039) | 0.991 | (0.037) | 81.2 | (12.8) | 82.3 | (12.5) |
No | 5.4 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 9.6 | 13.3 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 0.985 | (0.061) | 0.983 | (0.061) | 79.9 | (14.2) | 80.5 | (14.1) |
Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 4.0 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 7.6 | 11.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.990 | (0.040) | 0.989 | (0.038) | 80.3 | (13.8) | 80.9 | (13.1) |
No | 5.5 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 9.6 | 12.9 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 0.984 | (0.063) | 0.983 | (0.062) | 80.1 | (14.1) | 80.9 | (14.0) |
Education status | ||||||||||||||||||
Illiterate | 13.2 | 15.4 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 20.6 | 26.6 | 14.6 | 11.7 | 0.964 | (0.090) | 0.961 | (0.091) | 72.4 | (15.5) | 73.1 | (15.4) |
Primary school | 6.0 | 8.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 11.5 | 17.1 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 0.983 | (0.064) | 0.980 | (0.063) | 78.1 | (14.1) | 78.2 | (14.1) |
Junior middle school | 2.6 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.992 | (0.041) | 0.990 | (0.044) | 83.2 | (12.5) | 83.1 | (12.6) |
Senior middle school | 2.6 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 0.993 | (0.040) | 0.992 | (0.041) | 83.2 | (12.7) | 83.4 | (12.5) |
University/college or above | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.995 | (0.031) | 0.995 | (0.028) | 83.6 | (12.3) | 85.4 | (11.2) |
Income level | ||||||||||||||||||
Lowest (< 20%) | 8.0 | 9.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 12.5 | 18.3 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 0.977 | (0.074) | 0.975 | (0.072) | 77.0 | (15.5) | 77.7 | (15.6) |
20% - | 5.2 | 6.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 0.985 | (0.060) | 0.984 | (0.058) | 79.8 | (14.1) | 80.5 | (13.9) |
40%- | 4.9 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 8.7 | 11.7 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 0.987 | (0.055) | 0.987 | (0.052) | 80.5 | (13.8) | 81.6 | (13.3) |
60%- | 4.0 | 4.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 10.7 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 0.989 | (0.051) | 0.988 | (0.049) | 81.2 | (13.4) | 81.9 | (12.9) |
Highest (≥80%) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 0.989 | (0.049) | 0.989 | (0.047) | 81.7 | (13.1) | 82.4 | (12.6) |
Residency | ||||||||||||||||||
Urban | 4.7 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 9.3 | 12.5 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 0.987 | (0.055) | 0.985 | (0.055) | 79.3 | (14.0) | 80.6 | (13.8) |
Rural | 5.3 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 12.8 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 0.985 | (0.060) | 0.984 | (0.058) | 80.4 | (14.1) | 81.2 | (13.7) |
Region | ||||||||||||||||||
Eastern | 4.4 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 11.1 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 0.988 | (0.053) | 0.986 | (0.054) | 81.7 | (13.6) | 82.1 | (13.2) |
Central | 5.1 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 8.9 | 13.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 0.986 | (0.061) | 0.984 | (0.058) | 79.9 | (14.0) | 80.6 | (14.0) |
Western | 5.9 | 6.2 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 0.983 | (0.061) | 0.984 | (0.057) | 78.8 | (14.4) | 79.9 | (13.9) |
Total | 5.1 | 5.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 9.3 | 12.6 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 0.985 | (0.058) | 0.985 | (0.056) | 80.1 | (14.1) | 80.9 | (13.7) |