Characteristics | 2008 | 2013 | Total | χ2 | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Demographic variables | ||||||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 58,169 | 48.19 | 89,830 | 47.60 | 147,999 | 47.83 | 10.26 | 0.001 |
Female | 62,540 | 51.81 | 98,890 | 52.40 | 161,430 | 52.17 | ||
Age | ||||||||
15~44 | 58,233 | 48.24 | 73,522 | 38.96 | 131,755 | 42.58 | 2600.00 | < 0.001 |
45~64 | 45,252 | 37.49 | 81,532 | 43.20 | 126,784 | 40.97 | ||
65~ | 17,224 | 14.27 | 33,666 | 17.84 | 50,890 | 16.45 | ||
Behavioral variables | ||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 30,925 | 25.73 | 49,208 | 26.09 | 80,133 | 25.95 | 5.07 | 0.024 |
No | 89,285 | 74.27 | 139,399 | 73.91 | 228,684 | 74.05 | ||
Drinking | ||||||||
Yes | 15,485 | 13.04 | 44,005 | 23.32 | 59,490 | 19.35 | 4900.00 | < 0.001 |
No | 103,229 | 86.96 | 144,706 | 76.68 | 247,935 | 80.65 | ||
Regular physical activity | ||||||||
Yes | 26,831 | 22.60 | 55,843 | 29.67 | 82,674 | 26.93 | 1800.00 | < 0.001 |
No | 91,896 | 77.40 | 132,372 | 70.33 | 224,268 | 73.07 | ||
Socioeconomic variables | ||||||||
Educational attainment | ||||||||
Illiterate | 18,841 | 15.62 | 22,709 | 12.03 | 41,550 | 13.43 | 2500.00 | < 0.001 |
Primary school | 33,630 | 27.88 | 48,953 | 25.94 | 82,583 | 26.70 | ||
Junior middle school | 43,042 | 35.69 | 65,877 | 34.91 | 108,919 | 35.21 | ||
Senior middle school | 17,941 | 14.87 | 32,435 | 17.19 | 50,376 | 16.29 | ||
University/college | 7160 | 5.94 | 18,746 | 9.93 | 25,906 | 8.37 | ||
Household income ranking in local | ||||||||
Lowest (< 20%) | 22,523 | 18.68 | 35,702 | 18.93 | 58,225 | 18.83 | 39.67 | < 0.001 |
20% - | 23,369 | 19.38 | 35,471 | 18.80 | 58,840 | 19.03 | ||
40%- | 24,277 | 20.13 | 37,124 | 19.68 | 61,401 | 19.86 | ||
60%- | 24,166 | 20.04 | 39,084 | 20.72 | 63,250 | 20.45 | ||
Highest (≥80%) | 26,256 | 21.77 | 41,251 | 21.87 | 67,507 | 21.83 | ||
Residential variables | ||||||||
Residency | ||||||||
Rural | 87,262 | 72.29 | 94,656 | 50.16 | 181,918 | 58.79 | 15,000.00 | < 0.001 |
Urban | 33,447 | 27.71 | 94,064 | 49.84 | 127,511 | 41.21 | ||
Region | ||||||||
Eastern | 42,305 | 35.05 | 66,575 | 35.28 | 108,880 | 35.83 | 1200.00 | < 0.001 |
Central | 33,175 | 27.48 | 58,306 | 30.90 | 91,481 | 30.10 | ||
Western | 45,229 | 37.47 | 63,839 | 33.83 | 103,535 | 34.07 | ||
Total | 120,709 | 100.00 | 188,720 | 100.00 | 309,429 | 100.00 |