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Table 1 Characteristics of respondents

From: Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys

Characteristics

2008

2013

Total

χ2

P value

n

%

n

%

n

%

Demographic variables

 Gender

  Male

58,169

48.19

89,830

47.60

147,999

47.83

10.26

0.001

  Female

62,540

51.81

98,890

52.40

161,430

52.17

 Age

  15~44

58,233

48.24

73,522

38.96

131,755

42.58

2600.00

< 0.001

  45~64

45,252

37.49

81,532

43.20

126,784

40.97

  65~

17,224

14.27

33,666

17.84

50,890

16.45

Behavioral variables

 Smoking

  Yes

30,925

25.73

49,208

26.09

80,133

25.95

5.07

0.024

  No

89,285

74.27

139,399

73.91

228,684

74.05

 Drinking

  Yes

15,485

13.04

44,005

23.32

59,490

19.35

4900.00

< 0.001

  No

103,229

86.96

144,706

76.68

247,935

80.65

 Regular physical activity

  Yes

26,831

22.60

55,843

29.67

82,674

26.93

1800.00

< 0.001

  No

91,896

77.40

132,372

70.33

224,268

73.07

Socioeconomic variables

 Educational attainment

  Illiterate

18,841

15.62

22,709

12.03

41,550

13.43

2500.00

< 0.001

  Primary school

33,630

27.88

48,953

25.94

82,583

26.70

  Junior middle school

43,042

35.69

65,877

34.91

108,919

35.21

  Senior middle school

17,941

14.87

32,435

17.19

50,376

16.29

  University/college

7160

5.94

18,746

9.93

25,906

8.37

 Household income ranking in local

  Lowest (<  20%)

22,523

18.68

35,702

18.93

58,225

18.83

39.67

< 0.001

  20% -

23,369

19.38

35,471

18.80

58,840

19.03

  40%-

24,277

20.13

37,124

19.68

61,401

19.86

  60%-

24,166

20.04

39,084

20.72

63,250

20.45

 Highest (≥80%)

26,256

21.77

41,251

21.87

67,507

21.83

Residential variables

 Residency

  Rural

87,262

72.29

94,656

50.16

181,918

58.79

15,000.00

< 0.001

  Urban

33,447

27.71

94,064

49.84

127,511

41.21

 Region

  Eastern

42,305

35.05

66,575

35.28

108,880

35.83

1200.00

< 0.001

  Central

33,175

27.48

58,306

30.90

91,481

30.10

  Western

45,229

37.47

63,839

33.83

103,535

34.07

 Total

120,709

100.00

188,720

100.00

309,429

100.00

  
  1. Bold figures indicate a significant increase in 2013 compared with those in 2008 (p < 0.05)