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Table 5 Discriminative validity: Comparison of the of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores between normal and primary insomnia groups as determined by clinical interview in Ethiopian university students

From: Psychometric properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale in Ethiopian university students

Items of the ESS

Mean

p-value

Normal sleepers

(n = 182)

Primary Insomnia

(n = 147)

Sitting and Reading

0.79 ± 0.89

1.14 ± 0.89

<.001

Watching TV

0.41 ± 0.84

0.82 ± 0.94

<.001

Sitting inactive in a public place (i.e., a theatre)

0.50 ± 0.77

1.12 ± 0.94

<.001

As a car passenger for an hour without a break

0.63 ± 0.86

1.39 ± 1.12

<.001

Lying down to rest in the afternoon

1.18 ± 1.14

1.85 ± 0.99

<.001

Sitting and talking to someone

0.34 ± 0.64

0.83 ± 0.92

<.001

Sitting quietly after lunch without alcohol

0.45 ± 0.80

1.09 ± 1.06

. < .001

In a car, while stopping for a few minutes in traffic

0.64 ± 0.92

0.97 ± 0.97

.001

ESS total score*

4.92 ± 3.99

9.20 ± 4.31

<.001

  1. *Mean ± SD, Independent t-test was used for the ESS total score and Mann Whitney U test was applied for item scores