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Table 4 Comparison between cancer survivors exercise group and cancer survivors control group in the symptom scales/items - EORTC QLQ - BR23 from baseline to nine months of combined training

From: The impact of an exercise program on quality of life in older breast cancer survivors undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

Exercise Group (N = 18)

Control Group (N = 18)

Time

p

Group

p

Time x group interaction

p

Effect size Cohen’d

Baseline Mean ± SD

3 month Mean ± SD

6 months Mean ± SD

9 month Mean ± SD

Baseline Mean ± SD

3 month Mean ± SD

6 month Mean ± SD

9 month Mean ± SD

Pain

35.3 ± 25.6

8.8 ± 11.9*a

7.8 ± 11.9*a

4.9 ± 7.8*a

40.0 ± 28.7

34.4 ± 26.3

31.1 ± 16.5

32.8 ± 20.6

< 0.001

0.04

0.001

1.47

Fatigue

16.3 ± 19.3

4.6 ± 11.8*a

1.3 ± 5.4*a

0.6 ± 2.7*a

25.9 ± 22.8

20.0 ± 17.9

24.4 ± 18.9

22.9 ± 15.8

0.009

0.08

< 0.001

1.96

Nausea and vomiting

2.9 ± 8.8

0.9 ± 4.1

0.52 ± 1.25

2.9 ± 8.8

10.0 ± 24.2

11.1 ± 24.1

4.4 ± 9.8

3.7 ± 5.8

0.17

0.12

0.14

0.11

Dyspnea

3.9 ± 16.2

1.9 ± 8.1

7.8 ± 22.1

3.9 ± 11.1

19.9 ± 30.3

20.0 ± 30.3

8.8 ± 26.6

6.7 ± 18.7

0.40

0.12

0.09

0.18

Sleep Disturbance

41.2 ± 36.4

17.6 ± 33.1*a

7.8 ± 14.6*a

7.8 ± 18.7a

31.1 ± 38.7

35.5 ± 38.7

26.6 ± 36.1

17.8 ± 33.1a

0.01

0.16

0.04

0.37

Constipation

7.8 ± 25.1

6.1 ± 12.6

6.7 ± 25.8

11.8 ± 28.7

15.5 ± 35.3

17.8 ± 37.5

6.7 ± 25.8

6.7 ± 18.68

0.82

0.29

0.34

0.21

Diarrhea

1.9 ± 8.1

1.9 ± 8.1

5.7 ± 24.2

3.9 ± 11.1

11.1 ± 27.2

13.5 ± 15.1

12.3 ± 13.8

10.5 ± 14.1

0.40

0.16

0.79

0.52

Appetite loss

15.9 ± 24.2

12.2 ± 1.1

10.0 ± 3.5

13.9 ± 6.2

15.5 ± 24.6

13.3 ± 27.6

12.2 ± 8.6

14.4 ± 7.2

0.16

0.38

0.10

0.03

Financial difficulties

5.9 ± 13.1

3.9 ± 11.1

1.9 ± 8.1

1.8 ± 2.2

10.1 ± 13.1

6.7 ± 25.8

6.8 ± 1.6

4.5 ± 4.8

0.25

0.13

0.71

0.73

  1. Note: Post hoc analysis time x group interaction: * = statistically significant difference between groups and a = Bonferroni’s post hoc with p < 0.05 compared to baseline. Values expressed as mean and standard deviation