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Table 5 Coefficients of multivariable linear regression examining the association between nicotine dependence, smoking duration and quality of life among current smokers. Uberaba, Brazil

From: Differences in quality of life among older adults in Brazil according to smoking status and nicotine dependence

Variables

WHOQOL-BREF

WHOQOL-OLD

Physical

Psychological

Social relationship

Environmental

Sensory abilities

Autonomy

Past, present and future activities

Social participation

Death and Dying

Intimacy

Nicotine dependence

 Very low or low (ref)

          

 Medium

3.0

3.8

6.5*

2.9

5.2

−0.6

0.1

2.9

−4.0

1.9

 High or very high

−0.0

−1.2

0.1

1.0

−0.7

3.4

2.8

1.4

−10.6**

4.9

Exposure to smoking in years

−0.2**

− 0.1

− 0.0

−0.1

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 0.0

− 0.3*

Sex

 Female (ref)

          

 Male

−0.1

2.7

− 0.8

− 0.6

−1.6

1.5

− 1.8

2.7

8.8*

7.3

Age groups

 60–69 years

−6.4

−10.0**

−6.5

−8.5**

−7.1

0.9

−5.6

−2.7

2.3

−10.9

 70–79 years

−3.1

−6.3

1.8

−0.1

−3.8

6.3

−1.7

4.1

2.4

−1.5

 80 years or more (ref)

          

Education

 Illiterate

−2.9

− 2.3

−3.4

− 7.0**

− 8.0

−1.8

−1.1

− 2.6

− 2.8

−0.1

 1–4 years of schooling

0.4

5.4*

5.3*

−0.4

− 7.8

1.3

−1.1

− 1.5

−9.2**

2.3

Health conditions

 0–4 (ref)

          

 5 or more diseases

−13.7***

−7.3***

−4.3

−0.7

−9.2**

−1.5

0.6

−5.5**

−5.6

0.1

Constant

84.9***

77.1***

73.8***

71.0***

87.1***

64.8***

74.2***

71.1***

79.3***

79.0***

R2

0.2474

0.1647

0.1399

0.1373

0.0732

0.0543

0.0340

0.1004

0.1176

0.0701

  1. Note: ref. – reference categories. *P < 0.10; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01